Basant Banjara vs State Of Chhattisgarh

The present petition is against the order dated 16.02.2018, whereby an application filed by respondent No.2 who is complainant herein has stated

that she do not want to prosecute her complaint against the present petitioner was dismissed by the order of the JMFC, Jaijaipur.

As per the prosecution case, on a complaint made by respondent No.2 an offence was registered against the petitioner under Sections 452, 354 (A)

(i) & 354 & 506 of the I.P.C. During the course of trial an application was filed by both the complainant and the petitioner and the statement of the

complainant was recorded before the Court below, wherein she stated that she do not want to continue her complaint and the relations between theb

parties have improved, as such the offence may be compounded. Learned court below passed an order compounding the offence under Section 506

IPC, however, the prayer to compound the offence under Sections 452, 354 (A) (i) & 354 IPC was dismissed.

Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the complainant has categorically stated before the Court that she do not want to continue with the

complaint and it was without fear and pressure. Consequently, the proceedings in criminal case pending before the Court below are required to be

quashed.

Complainant is also present before the Court and having been cross-checked by the State counsel she affirms the fact that she do not want to

prosecute her complaint further.

Searched the compromise and the statement made before the Court below, which is filed as Annexure A-3.

The Hon'ble Supreme Court in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab & Another1 has laid down the following principles :

“61. The position that emerges from the above discussion can be summarised thus: the power of the High Court in quashing a criminal proceeding

or FIR or complaint in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction is distinct and different from the power given to a criminal court for compounding the

offences under Section 320 of the Code. Inherent power is of wide plenitude with no statutory limitation but it has to be exercised in accord with the

guideline engrafted in such power viz; (i) to secure the ends of justice or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any Court. In what cases power to

quash the criminal proceeding or complaint or F.I.R may be exercised where the offender and victim have settled their dispute would depend on the

facts and circumstances of each case and no category can be prescribed. However, before exercise of such power, the High Court must have due

regard to the nature and gravity of the crime. Heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. cannot be

1 (2012) 10 SCC 303 fittingly quashed even though the victim or victim’s family and the offender have settled the dispute. Such offences are not

private in nature and have serious impact on society. Similarly, any compromise between the victim and offender in relation to the offences under

special statutes like Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity etc; cannot provide for

any basis for quashing criminal proceedings involving such offences. But the criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominatingly civil flavour

stand on different footing for the purposes of quashing, particularly the offences arising from commercial, financial, mercantile, civil, partnership or

such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony relating to dowry, etc. or the family disputes where the wrong is basically private or

personal in nature and the parties have resolved their entire dispute. In this category of cases, High Court may quash criminal proceedings if in its

view, because of the compromise between the offender and victim, the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of criminal case

would put accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal case despite full and

complete settlement and compromise with the victim. In other words, the High Court must consider whether it would be unfair or contrary to the

interest of justice to continue with the criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding would tantamount to abuse of process of law

despite settlement and compromise between the victim and wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of justice, it is appropriate that criminal case is

put to an end and if the answer to the above question(s) is in affirmative, the High Court shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal

proceeding.

Further, in case of Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbatbhai Bhimsinhbhai Karmur & Ors. in criminal Appeal No.1723 of 2017 their Lordship again

reiterated the view taken in case of Gian Singh (supra) and has laid down the following propositions :

“15. The broad principles which emerge from the precedents on the subject, may be summarised in the following propositions :

(i) Section 482 preserves the inherent powers of the High Court to prevent an abuse of the process of any court or to secure the ends of justice. The

provision does not confer new powers. It only recognises and preserves powers which inhere in the High Court;

(ii) The invocation of the jurisdiction of the High Court to quash a First Information Report or a criminal proceeding on the ground that a settlement

has been arrived at between the offender and the victim is not the same as the invocation of jurisdiction for the purpose of compounding an offence.

While compounding an offence, the power of the court is governed by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The

power to quash under Section 482 is attracted even if the offence is non-compoundable.

(iii) In forming an opinion whether a criminal proceeding or complaint should be quashed in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482, the High

Court must evaluate whether the ends of justice would justify the exercise of the inherent power;

(iv) While the inherent power of the High Court has a wide ambit and plenitude it has to be exercised; (i) to secure the ends of justice or (ii) to prevent

an abuse of the process of any court;

(v) The decision as to whether a complaint or First Information Report should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled the

dispute, revolves ultimately on the facts and circumstances of each case and no exhaustive elaboration of principles can be formulated;

(vi) In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due

regard to the nature and gravity of the offence. Heinous and serious offences involving mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity

cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim have settled the dispute. Such offences are, truly speaking, not private in

nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded on the overriding element of public

interest in punishing persons for serious offences;

(vii) As distinguished from serious offences, there may be criminal cases which have an overwhelming or predominant element of a civil dispute. They

stand on a distinct footing in so far as the exercise of the inherent power to quash is concerned;

(viii) Criminal cases involving offences which arise from commercial, financial, mercantile, partnership or similar transactions with an essentially civil

flavour may in appropriate situations fall for quashing where parties have settled the dispute;

(ix) In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a

conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and

(x) There is yet an exception to the principle set out in propositions (viii) and (ix) above. Economic offences involving the financial and economic well-

being of the state have implications which lie beyond the domain of a mere dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in

declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act

complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.â€​

Considering the facts of this case and the statements made by respondent No.2/complainant, which has been cross-checked by the State counsel

and applying the aforesaid principles laid down by the Supreme Court, I am of the opinion that the ends of justice would be sub-served if the

proceedings pending in criminal case No.125/2017 under Sections 452, 354 (A) (i) & 354 IPC pending before the JMFC, Jaijaipur, District Janjgir

Champa are quashed. Accordingly, the proceedings in criminal case No.125/2017 under Section 452, 354 (A) (i) & 354 IPC are quashed. The

petitioner is acquitted for the charges leveled against him.

The CRMP stands allowed.