Castrol Limited and Another vs Mahendra Automobiles and Others

J.R. Midha, J.—The plaintiff''s have filed the suit for permanent injunction for restraining infringement of trademark, copyright, passing off

and damages against the defendant with respect to plaintiff''s'' trademarks CASTROL, CASTROL CRB PLUS and CASTROL EXTREME

PRESSURE GEAR OIL 90 EP.

Plaintiff No. 1 is carrying on the business of manufacture, processing and marketing of high grade lubricating oil products in United Kingdom and

in several other countries all over the world. Plaintiff No. 2 is carrying on the aforesaid business in India.

Plaintiff No. 1 is the proprietor of the trademark CASTROL bearing registration No. 1494 in Class 4 registered on 29th June, 1942 in respect

of oils for heating, lighting and lubricating. The trademark CASTROL is also registered under registration No. 260626 dated 17th November,

1969 in respect of industrial oils and greases (other than edible oils, fats and essential oils) hydraulic fluids being oils, lubricants, fuels and

illuminants. It has a distinctive logo comprising a solid coloured circle across which is an irregularly shaped white portion occupying about one half

of the total area of the mark. The trademark CASTROL CRB is registered in class 4 as No. 421424 as of May 4, 1984 in the name of plaintiff

No. 1 in respect of industrial oils and greases (other than edible oils, fats and essential oils) and lubricants and fuels (including motor spirit) claiming

to be the user since 1960. All the aforesaid trademarks have been renewed from time to time and are subsisting.

In April, 2006, the plaintiff''s came to know that defendants were infringing the plaintiff''s'' trademark and copyright by manufacturing, packaging

and selling counterfeit goods under the trademark CASTROL, CASTROL CRB PLUS and CASTROL EXTREME PRESSURE GEAR OIL 90

EP whereupon the plaintiff filed the present suit.

Vide ex-parte interim order dated 7th July, 2006, the defendants were restrained from manufacturing, selling, marketing and distributing the

goods under the trademark CASTROL, CASTROL CRB PLUS and CASTROL EXTREME PRESSURE GEAR OIL 90 EP. The said interim

order is continuing till date.

The defendants were served by publication of summons on 6th May, 2008 but they failed to appear before this Court to contest this case. The

defendants were, therefore, proceeded ex-parte by this Court on 8th August, 2008.

The plaintiff''s have examined one witness namely PW-1 who filed his ex-parte evidence by way of affidavit and proved the documents Ex.PW-

1/1 to Ex.PW-1/6. PW-1 has proved that the trademark CASTROL was registered under No. 1494 in respect of lubricating oils in Class 4 on

29th June, 1942 and No. 260626 in respect of industrial oils and greases on 17th November, 1969. The trademark CASTROL CRB has been

registered in respect of industrial oils and greases in Class 4 on 4th May, 1984. All aforesaid trademarks are renewed from time to time and are

still subsisting. Plaintiff No. 1 is the permitted user of the said trademarks in India. The plaintiff is also using the trademark EXTREME PRESSURE

GEAR OIL 90 EP in respect of gear oil. The trademark certificates are Ex.PW.-1/2 collectively. The packaging material of the plaintiff''s''

products bearing trademark CASTROL, CASTROL CRB PLUS and CASTROL EXTREME PRESSURE GEAR OIL 90 EP have unique

colour scheme. The plaintiff''s are the owners of the copyright in the artistic work on the packaging material and the said artistic work is the original

artistic work produced by the plaintiff''s and the plaintiff''s have legal right in respect of the said artistic work and the copyright in them. The

photographs of the plaintiff''s products are Ex.PW-1/3 and Ex. PW-1/4.

Mr. Sushant Singh, learned counsel for the plaintiff''s submit that the plaintiff''s'' trademark CASTROL is a well-known trademark u/s 2(1)(zg)

read with Section 11(6) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and exclusive rights art conferred upon the plaintiff''s u/s 28 of the Trade Marks Act. It is

submitted that the defendants are guilty of the infringement of the said rights u/s 29 of the Trade Marks Act. The learned counsel refers to and

relies upon the judgments of this Court in the cases of Rolex Sa Vs. Alex Jewellery Pvt. Ltd. and Others, and Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki v.

R.K.P. Patel, 131 (2006) DLT 618 : 2008 (36) PTC 219 [Dell in which the Court has declared the trademarks ''Rolex'' and ''Honda'' as well-

known trademarks.

On the basis of the unrebutted testimony of the plaintiff''s'' witness, the plaintiff''s have succeeded in proving their case. The plaintiff''s are the

registered proprietor of the trademark CASTROL. The plaintiff''s have placed on record the list of 126 cases for successful enforcement of the

plaintiff''s trademark Castrol. The plaintiff''s have acquired immense reputation and goodwill amongst the trade and public. The plaintiff''s have

given the particulars of the sales of the plaintiff''s products during the period of 1983 to 2003. The annual turnover of plaintiff No. 2 in December,

2003 was Rs. 13,60,51,00,000/-. The annual expenditure of plaintiff No. 2 in December, 2003 was Rs. 54,33,00,000/-. The plaintiff''s have given

the annual expenditure of plaintiff No. 2 in India on advertising and publicity for the last 20 years. Considering the record of successful enforcement

of the trademark CASTROL by the plaintiff''s and the duration, extent and geographical area of use as well as promotion of the said trademark,

this Court is satisfied that the plaintiff''s trademark CASTROL is a well-known trademark within the meaning of Section 2(1)(zg) read with Section

11(6) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and the plaintiff''s are entitled to the protection against the infringement of their well-known trademark.

The defendants are infringing the plaintiff''s trademark and copyright by manufacture and sale of their products by using the trademark

CASTROL, CASTROL CRB PLUS and CASTROL EXTREME PRESSURE GEAR OIL 90 EP. The defendants are also indulging in

counterfeit products. The comparison of the plaintiff''s'' trademark and copyright in Ex.PW-1/4 with that of defendants in Ex.PW-1/5 and Ex.PW-

1/6 show that all the defendants are infringing the plaintiff''s'' trademark as well as copyright and are also selling counterfeit/spurious products.

Plaintiff No. 2 also tested the samples purchased by the defendant in its laboratory. The laboratory test report dated 9th June, 2006 indicates that

the material contained in the defendants'' packaging is sub-standard and counterfeit. The defendants are selling spurious goods to the public at

large. The defendants have infringed the plaintiff''s'' well-known trademark and, therefore, the plaintiff''s are entitled to the decree of permanent

injunction.

The plaintiff''s have sought punitive damages from the defendants. The learned counsel for the plaintiff''s have referred to and relied upon the

judgments of Intel Corporation Vs. Dinakaran Nair and Others, , Time Incorporated Vs. Lokesh Srivastava and Another, , Adidas-Salomon AG

and Others Vs. Jagdish Grover, and Microsoft Corporation Vs. Mr. Yogesh Papat and Another, . The findings of this Court in the case of Intel

Corporation v. Dinakaran Nair (supra) are as under:-

The only other question to be examined is the claim of damages of Rs. 20 lakh made in Para 48 (iii) (repeated) of the plaint. In this behalf,

learned counsel has relied upon the Judgments of this. Court in Relaxo Rubber Limited & Anr. v. Selection Footwear Anr., 1999 PTC (19) 578

(Del), Hindustan Machines v. Royal Electrical Appliances, 1999 PTC (19) 685 (Del) and CS(OS) 2711/1999 L.T. Overseas Ltd. Vs. Guruji

Trading Co. and Another, . In all these cases, damages of Rs. 3 lakhs were awarded in favour of the plaintiff. In Time Incorporated Vs. Lokesh

Srivastava and Another, apart from compensatory damages even punitive damages were awarded to discourage and dishearten law breakers who

indulge in violation with impunity. In a recent Judgment in Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Vs. Shree Assuramji Scooters, this Court has taken the view

that damages in such a case should be awarded against defendants who chose to stay away from proceedings of the Court and they should not be

permitted to enjoy the benefits of evasion of Court proceedings. The rationale for the same is that while defendants who appear in Court may be

burdened with damages while defendants who chose to stay away from the Court would escape such damages. The actions of the defendants

result in affecting the reputation of the plaintiff and every endeavour should be made for a larger public purpose to discourage such parties from

indulging in acts of deception.

A further aspect which has been emphasised in Time Incorporated case (supra) is also material that the object is also to relieve pressure on the

over-loaded system of criminal justice by providing civil alternative to criminal prosecution of minor crimes. The result of the actions of defendants

is that plaintiff''s, instead of putting its energy for expansion of its business and sale of products, has to use its resources to be spread over a

number of litigations to bring to book the offending traders in the market. Both these aspects have also been discussed in CS (OS) No. 1182/2005

titled Asian Paints (India) Ltd. v. Balaji Paints and Chemicals & Ors. decided on 10.03:2006. In view of the aforesaid, I am of the considered

view that the plaintiff would also be entitled to damages which are quantified at Rs. 3 lakhs.

A decree is thus passed in favour of the plaintiff and against the defendants in terms of the para 48(i) to (iii) of the plaint and the plaintiff is also

entitled to a decree for damages for a sum of Rs. 3 lakh against the defendants jointly and severally.

In the facts and circumstances of the case, the suit is decreed in favour of the plaintiff''s and against the defendants in terms of prayer Clause

32(a), (b) & (c). Following the aforesaid judgments, a decree of punitive damages in the sum of Rs. 5 lakhs is also passed in favour of the

plaintiff''s and against the defendants. The plaintiff''s shall also be entitled to future interest on the said damages at the rate of 7.5% per annum from

the date of the judgment till realization. The plaintiff''s shall also be entitled to the costs. The decree sheet be drawn accordingly.