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Judgment
THANIKKACHALAM, J. :
At the instance of the Department, the Tribunal referred the following two common questions in the cases of three assessees for the asst. yr. 1972-
73 for the opinion of this Court under s. 26(1) of the GT Act, 1958.
Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in holding that for purpose of ascertaining the break-up value
of the unquoted shares, the provision for gratuity should be treated as a liability and should accordingly be allowed as a deduction ?
Whether the Tribunal was justified in holding that a discount of 30% should be allowed from the break-up value as against 15% stipulated in r.
1D of the WT Rules ?
The assessee held certain shares in the following companies and gifted them away as detailed below :
Name of the Shares held in No. of shares gifted and date of gift
assessee
K. Mahesh M/s T. V. S. & Sons (P) Ltd. 3,000 28-3-1972
K. Ramesh (1) Sundaram Industries 800 23-8-1972
(2) T. V. S. & Sons (P) Ltd. 3,000 28-3-1972
Suresh (1) Sundaram Industries 800 28-3-1972
(2) T. V. S. & Sons (P) Ltd. 3,000 28-3-1972
All the assessees as above valued the shares in M/s Sundaram Industries at the rate of Rs. 151.11 per share and the shares in M/s T. V. S. &
Sons at Rs. 124.62 per share. The original assessments were completed accepting the gift as returned by the assessee. However, the GTO later
noticed that while arriving at the above figures, the assessee had taken into account the provision for gratuity as a liability. He also noticed that the
assessee had taken up the balance sheets of the companies as on 31st March, 1971, which were the latest available balance sheets for arriving at
the share value by break-up value method. He, therefore, reopened the assessments and arrived at the value of the shares gifted afresh. In doing
so, he took into account the balance sheets of companies as on 31st March, 1972, which was the nearest balance sheet to the dates of gifts and
disallowed the assessees claim for treating the provisions for gratuity as a liability. He thus arrived at the value of the shares at an enhanced rate and
adopted the same for the purpose of gift-tax assessment.
On appeal, the CIT (A) held that the adoption of the balance sheet as on 31st March, 1972 being the nearest one to the date of gift was
justified, that the provision for gratuity should be allowed as a liability while working out the break-up value and that a discount of 30% should be
allowed on the break-up value instead of 15% allowed by the GTO. Aggrieved by the orders of the CIT (A), the Department took up the matter
in appeals to the Tribunal. The Tribunal held that the issues under appeal have already been considered by it in the case of T. S. Srinivasan (in
GTA No. 6 (Mad) /77-78 dt. 4th March, 1978) and as the orders of the CIT (A) are germane to its earlier order cited, there was no force in the
appeals filed by the Department. The Tribunal has accordingly dismissed all the appeals filed by the Department.
Question No. 1 relates to the value of unquoted equity shares according to r. 1D of the WT Rules. While valuing the unquoted equity shares,
break-up method should be adopted. In adopting the break-up method, the point for consideration is, whether the provision for gratuity made in
the balance sheet should be treated as liability or not. The assessees, while adopting the break-up method for valuing the unquoted equity shares
deducted the provision made for gratuity as lability in the nearest balance sheet.
In Commissioner of Wealth-tax and Others Vs. S. Ram and Others, , while construing the valuation of unquoted shares under the WT Act,
1957 and the GT Act, 1958, this Court held ""that the payment of gratuity from the point of view of the liability to a workman may be a contingent
liability, but when on a scientific and actuarial basis, an employer makes a provision for gratuity, such a provision must be regarded as a present,
direct and minimum liability of the company for the reason that it represents the present discounted value of the employers commitment as a whole
to pay the workmen gratuity as and when it becomes liable, and consequently, the provisions of Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D of the WT Rules, 1957
will not apply and for determining the value of unquoted shares for purposes of Wealth-tax, Gift-tax and Estate Duty, their value will have to be
ascertained under the break-up value method after deducting the provision for gratuity based on actuarial valuation from the value of the assets of
the company. On the basis of this decision, the Tribunal held that while valuing the unquoted equity shares in break-up method, the provision made
in the balance sheet for payment of gratuity liability should be deducted for arriving at the net value of the companys assets. The SLP filed against
the decision of this Court in S. Rams case (supra), was rejected by the Supreme Court by the decision reported in (1990) 181 ITR 227.
However, the learned standing counsel for the Department while making the submissions drew our attention to the decision of the Supreme
Court in Bharat Hari Singhania and others Vs. Commissioner of Wealth Tax (Central) and others, wherein while summarising the conclusions
arrived therein, their Lordships of the Supreme Court pointed out that while valuing the unquoted equity shares under r. 1D, no deductions on
account of capital gains tax which would have been payable in case the said shares were sold on the valuation date can be made and similarly, no
other deductions including provision for taxation, provident fund and gratuity are admissible and that r. 1D is exhaustive on the subject. According
to Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D of the WT Rules, any amount representing contingent liabilities other than arrears of dividends payable in respect of
cumulative preference shares shown as liability in the balance sheet shall not be treated as liabilities.
In Vazir Sultan Tobacco Co. Ltd., Hyderabad and Others Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, , the Supreme Court
while considering the Companies (Profits) Surtax Act, 1964, Sch. II, r. 1-Super Profits Tax Act, 1963 Sch. II, r. 1-Companies Act, 1956, s. 217
Sch. I, Table A, Regulation 87, Sch. VI, Part III cl. 7, held as hereunder :
It is clear that if by adopting such scientific method any appropriation is made such appropriation will constitute a provision representing fairly
accurately a known and existing liability for the year in question, if however, an ad hoc sum is appropriated without resorting to any scientific basis
such appropriation would also be a provision intended to meet a known liability, though a contingent one, for, the expression liability"" occurring in
cl. 7(1) (a) of Part III of the Sixth Sch. to the Companies Act includes any expenditure contracted for and arising under a contingent liability; but if
the sum so appropriated is shown to be in excess of the sum required to meet the estimated liability (discounted present value on a scientific basis)
it is only the excess that will have to be regarded as a reserve under cl. 7(2) of Pt. III of Sch. VI to the Companies Act, 1956.
Similarly the Supreme Court in Shree Sajjan Mills Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, M.P., Bhopal and Another, , while considering the
provisions of ss. 28, 37, 40A (7) of the IT Act, 1961, held that the provision made in the P&L a/c for the estimated present value of the contingent
liability properly ascertained and discounted on an accrued basis as falling on the assessee in the year of account could be deducted either under s.
28 or s. 37 of the Act. Further, under Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D, any amount representing contingent liabilities other than arrears of dividends
payable in respect of cumulative preference shares, shall not be treated as liability. As per the earlier decisions, the provision for gratuity liability
ascertained on actuarial basis is not a contingent liability. Consequently, Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D of the WT Rules, 1957, will not apply and for
determining the value of unquoted shares for the purpose of wealth-tax, their value will have to be ascertained under the break-up method after
deducting the provision for gratuity based on actuarial valuation from the value of the assets of the company.
In the decision in Bharat Hari Singhania vs. CWT (supra), the Supreme Court was concerned with Expln. II (ii) (e) to r. 1D of the Rules r/w s.
7(1) of the WT Act in the matter of deducting capital gains tax while valuing the unquoted equity shares under r. 1D while ascertaining the value
according to break-up method. But, according to the facts of this case, we are concerned with the provision contained in Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D
in the matter of deducting the provision for gratuity liability while ascertaining the value of unquoted equity shares under break-up method.
Thus, considering the facts arising in this case in the light of the judicial pronouncements cited supra, especially the decisions of Supreme Court
in Vazir Sultan Tobacco Co. Ltd.s case (supra) and Shri Sajjan Mills case (supra), we consider that there is no infirmity in the order passed by the
Tribunal in holding that while valuing the unquoted equity shares under r. 1D of the WT Rules r/w Expln. II (ii) (f) to r. 1D, the provision of gratuity
is deductible while ascertaining the value on the basis of break-up method.
So far as the second question is concerned, it relates to discount of 30% allowed by the Tribunal while valuing the unquoted equity shares
under break-up method, as per the provisions contained in r. 1D of the WT Rules.
A similar question came up for consideration before this Court in CGT vs. Sundaram Industries Ltd. (Tax Case Nos. 1150 and 1151 of 1982 dt.
1st February, 1996) [since reported at (1997) 141 CTR (Mad) 213 and this Court held that the discount of 30% given is in order for the reasons
stated therein. Accordingly, the issue arising under question No. 2 is covered by the above decision of this Court in favour of the assessee. In that
view of the matter, we answer the questions referred to us in the affirmative and against the Department. There will be no order as to costs.