K.C. Srimanavedan Raja vs Parapravan Moidu

This is an application to revise an order passed by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate of Tellicherry u/s 145, Criminal Procedure Code. The rival

Jenmies were disputing the right to possession in respect of a tract of forest land 30 square miles in extent. In February 1919, the Inspector of

Police reported to the Magistrate that there was a likelihood of a breach of the peace in respect of the possession of this property. Thereupon he

initiated proceedings u/s 145, Criminal Procedure Code. Meanwhile a suit was instituted in the Munsif''s Court in respect of the very same

property. An injunction was issued by the District Munsif. In consequence of the issue of this injunction the Magistrate stayed his hands for some

time. Subsequently this injunction was dissolved by the District Judge in August 1919. The Magistrate revived the proceedings u/s 145, Criminal

Procedure Code. We are told that there was a fresh report from the Police Inspector informing the Magistrate that there was a likelihood of a

breach of the peace. After passing a preliminary order, the Magistrate proceeded to the disputed locality and inspected it. According to the

affidavit filed in this Court, the inspection seems to have been a hurried one; the affidavit says that the Magistrate remained in the locality for about

two hours and travelled over about 11 miles of it. On the strength of this inspection the Magistrate in paragraph 2 of his judgment says: ""That

inspection completely satisfied me as to the point in issue viz., the fact of actual possession of the disputed property. I find that nothing is to be

gained by calling on the parties to produce further evidence�the value of which (whether oral or documentary) in a dispute, of this kind is very

doubtful"" Then he discusses the documentary evidence which was filed in the case and says in paragraph 6: ""Then, very strangely, the Idarn

demised the very same land on otti to Kalliat Chathu'' Kutti Nambiar on 11-6-1918."" Now if the learned Magistrate had taken evidence the

petitioner might have been able to show that there was nothing strange in this second lease to Chathu Kutti Nambiar. Mr. Grant who appeared for

K. C. Manadevan Raja informed us that his client transferred his lease to this Nambiar because he was unable to pay the lease amount.

Subsequently the Nambiar surrendered the lease to the Idam. The Idam re-granted the lease to Manadevan Raja. He subsequently transferred his

newly acquired right to a company known ""the Malabar Trading Company, ""but is working as its agent. It was because the Magistrate refused to

take evidence that he found himself in the strange position he described. Then, in another place in paragraph 6 of his judgment, the Magistrate says,

The Idam must have regarded the lease to him as void thereafter."" We are unable to understand where he gets the idea from that the lease became

void. This again is the result of his shutting out the oral evidence in the case. Under these circumstances, the question for our decision is whether we

have jurisdiction to revise the order of the Magistrate. The Learned Counsel for the petitioner has quoted a large number of authorities to show that

the refusal to take evidence will amount to a declining of jurisdiction. One of the earliest cases in this Presidency was decided by Mr. Justice ...

Wallis as he then was, and is reported in Arumuga Goundan v. Venkatasubbier ILR (1907) Mad. 82 . There the learned Judge points out that

where a Magistrate did not take evidence himself but acted on the evidence taken by somebody whom he deputed for the purpose, the Magistrate

acted without jurisdiction and the High Court had power to interfere. That decision was followed in Velayuda Kone v. Narayana Kone (1915) 2

L.W. 1208. In Calcutta the view has been consistently held that where there has been a refusal by a Magistrate to examine witnesses that would

be tantamount to a refusal to exercise jurisdiction. The Magistrate in this case based his conclusion on documents showing title to the property. As

was pointed out by Miller, J., in Panaganti Parthasarathy Nayanim Garu v. Pallikapu Venkatasami Reddl ILR (1910) Mad. 138, documentary

evidence of this description should only be utilised for the purpose of elucidating oral evidence that may be admitted in the case. By themselves the

documents should not be used for concluding the question as to possession, We are therefore of opinion that the procedure adopted by the

Magistrate in declining to receive oral evidence is a matter which can be revised by the High Court, This view is not inconsistent with the decision

in Kamahutti v. Udayavarma Raja Valia Raja of Chirakkal ILR (1912) Mad. 275.

The Magistrate refers often to the local inspection which he made. As was pointed out in Sahadat Khan v. Taljaddi Sheikh 23 C.W.N. 750, a

decision as to possession based solely upon local inspection is not what Section 145, Criminal Procedure Code 1contemplates. The Judicial

Committee in Kessowji Issur v. G.I.P. Railway Company (1907) ILR 31 Bom. 381 (P.C.), held that where a civil suit was decided not on

testimony given at the trial as to what took place on the night of the accident, but by the Judge''s observation of what they saw on another night

altogether, the decision based on it must be set aside. For these reasons we are of opinion that the procedure adopted by the Magistrate was

irregular and that he acted without jurisdiction in refusing to take evidence: his order should be set aside. With the setting aside of the order, the

order passed by the learned Judge of this Court attaching the timber must necessarily go because it is for the Magistrate to &ay whether there is

such an emergency as would justify him in acting u/s 145, Clause 4 Criminal Procedure Code. This case is not covered by Section 146. Criminal

Procedure Code. Reid v. Richardson ILR (1887) Cal. 361, to which the Learned Counsel for the petitioner drew our attention was a case in

which the lower court having found that neither party was in possession refused to make an order as to the attachment of the property. When the

matter came up before the High Court, it was held that it had the same powers as the original court had u/s 146, Criminal Procedure Code, to

direct the attachment of the property. We hold that the order as to attachment dated 10th October 1919 and made in Criminal Miscellaneous

Petition No. 519 of 1919 on the file of this Court, must be vacated as a result of our setting aside the proceedings u/s 145, Criminal Procedure

Code.

The only question is whether this case should go back to Mr. Thorne. We do not wish to cast the slightest doubt upon his impartiality or upon

his capacity to dispose of this case. But having regard to the statement which he has made more than once that any oral evidence that might be let

in will not influence his mind, we would not be justified in sending the case back to him. In these circumstances we think it desirable that the case

would be sent to the District Magistrate with directions either that he should dispose of the case himself or send it for disposal to any other First

Class Magistrate.