AI Structured Summary
Not yet generated for this judgment
Judgment
Prabha Sridevan, J.—The petitioners are the defendants 4 & 6 to 11 in the suit for partition filed by the 1st respondent herein namely O.S.
No. 203/98 before the Additional Subordinate Judge, Thiruvannamalai. The suit was dismissed. Against that, an appeal was filed before this Court
in A.S. No. 256/81. That was also dismissed. Against that, L.P.A. No. 129/2002 and S.A. No. 796/83 were filed and they were disposed of by
the Division Bench of this Court granting a decree for partiion of 8/21 share for items 12 and 13 and 1/7th share in items 1 to 11.
The properties in respect of which the dispute arose belongs to one Appadurai who had two wives. The plaintiff and defendants 4, 5 and 6
were children through the first wife. The second wife was the first defendant and defendants 2 and 3 were her son and daughter respectively. The
defendants 7 to 11 were the tenants. The defendants 1 and 2 claimed that they were beneficiaries under the Will executed by the late Appadurai.
The Division Bench rejected the Will. The plaintiff who is the first respondent herein claimed that the properties were joint family property and
therefore he was entitled to a larger share. This was also rejected by the Division Bench holding that the properties were self acquired properties.
This finding has become final. Therefore, as the legal heirs of Appadurai, we have the plaintiff and the defendants 1 to 6 above, totally seven
persons . The Division Bench declared the share of the plaintiff as being 1/7th share.
It is relevant to note that though the written was filed by the defendant 1 & 2 separately and 4th defendant separately, the 6th defendant
remained exparte. The defendants 4 and 5 admitted the claim of the plaintiff and also claimed that they had share in the property. This civil revision
petition arises out of the application filed by the 4th defendant, who is the first petitioner, and on behalf of the other petitioners. He had filed this
application for amendment of the preliminary decree declaring their rights in the suit property along the lines mentioned in the affidavit which
referred to the judgement in the L.P.A. This was resisted by the respondent herein on the ground that the parties who had remained exparte and
who had not challenged the dismissal of the suit were not entitled to take advantage of the preliminary decree granted by the Division Bench and
that their remedy if any, is to file a fresh suit.
The submissions made by the respondent found favour with the Court below who also dismissed the application holding that the only remedy
open to the petitioners was to file a separate suit.
Learned counsel for the petitioners submitted that until a final decree is passed, the partition suit cannot be said to have attained finality. If the
defendants did not contest the suit, it is only because they have accepted the share claimed by the plaintiff and were willing to have their shares in
accordance with the same. Learned counsel submitted it would not be in the interest of justice to drive the petitioners to a separate suit, in fact it
has been held in several decisions that the only remedy for such defence is to seek a modification of the preliminary decree that has already been
passed and the decisions are S.V. Muthu Vs. Veerammal, and S. Narayana Reddy and others Vs. S. Sai Reddy, .
Learned counsel for the respondents on the other hand would submit that not having contested the suit the defendant cannot now seek to include
himself into the decree and get the relief to which he or she is not entitled to. According to the learned counsel, the Court below has rightly
dismissed the application and it warranted no interference. Reliance was placed on the judgment of the Division Bench of Calcutta High Court
reported in Sarbeswar Panda and Others Vs. Bibhabasu Panda, .
In AIR 1966 All 601 Bittan Devi & Others v. Rudra Sen Bajpai & Others, the Court explained the words ""declaring the right of the several
parties interested in the property"" found in Order 20 Rule 18(2) and it was held as follows.
The courts of law generally lay down in the preliminary decree the plaintiffs'' share or rights in the property; but where the defendants desire that
their share or interest be also such a declaration also. If the defendants'' rights have not been declared in the preliminary decree in appeal or can
apply for review. But once the preliminary decree, apply for and have their share partitioned on payment of court fee etc. As may be necessary
under the law.
In 1972 M.L.J. 12 Nanja Naicken v. Rangammal, this Court held that there can be more than one preliminary decree and the persons entitled
to share in the subject matter of the suit must have their rights adjudicated before passing of the final decree.
In that case, the sharers who were impleaded, by plaintiff as parties to the partition suit in which a preliminary decree had already been passed,
were held to be entitled to a declaration of their shares by either rectifying or amending the preliminary decree and that this has to be done before
the passing of the final decree.
In S. Narayana Reddy and others Vs. S. Sai Reddy, , the Court had considered the rights of parties which got either enlarged or diminished by
reason of post-preliminary decree legislation. In that case preliminary decree was passed. Thereafter the Andra Pradesh amendment to the Hindu
Succession Act came into force. The Andra Pradesh High court hold that till the final decree is passed in a partition suit, the suit is said to be
pending and therefore the daughters could seek amendment of the preliminary decree taking advantage of the new law.
In S.V. Muthu Vs. Veerammal, , this Court held as follows:
If the defendants'' rights have not been declared in the preliminary decree, the aggrieved party can challenge the decree in appeal or can apply for
review. But once the preliminary decree contains a declaration as to the defendants'' share, they can, even after passing of the preliminary decree,
apply for and have their share partitioned on payment of court-fee etc., as may be necessary under the law. Indeed, the Privy Council has pointed
out in Lachmi Narain Marwary v. Balmukund Marwary AIR 1924 PC 198 that after decree it is open to any party to a suit to whose interest it is
that further proceedings be taken to initiate the supplementary proceedings, but in the ordinary case, it is the plaintiff who moves. If the preliminary
decree already passed does not contain any declaration as to the rights of the defendatns, their application for partition or separation of their share
shall not be maintained till they have the preliminary decree suitably modified, but when once the preliminary decree contains a declaration as to the
defendant''s share, they can, even after the passing of the preliminary decree, take steps for the actual separation of their share.
....
It is undoubtedly open to the petitioners to take such steps as they may be advised to have the preliminary decree amended in such a manner as to
include a declaration of their rights as regards their share in the properties as well and only then they can seek payment of the amount in deposit.
Without doing so, on the basis of the preliminary decree as it now stands, the petitioners cannot seek to withdraw the amount in court deposit on
the ground that they are entitled to the same.
In fact even in the judgement relied on by the learned counsel for the respondent there is support for the petitioners'' case. There too, the
Division Bench held that since the rights and share of the defendants have not been declared in the preliminary decree, the Commissioner is not
competent to partition and make separate allotment of their shares unless the said preliminary decree is modified declaring the rights and shares of
the petitioners either on appeal or on review of the said preliminary decree. Reliance was placed on the Allahabad Judgement which has also been
referred.
In these circumstances, it is apparent and in fact there is no doubt that the only remedy available to the petitioners, was to have their shares
declared by modification of the preliminary decree. Though the Division Bench had not in so many words declared their rights; the very fact that
the plaintiff/first respondent was declared to be entitled to 1/7th share is a clear indication that the equal rights of the other six sharers had been
kept in mind by the learned Judge of the Division Bench. To drive the petitioners to a separate suit would be a grave miscarriage of justice. Had
this application been ordered in favour of the petitioners it would have disposed of the matter finally. Therefore, I have no hesitation in interfering
with the impugned order. The impugned order is set aside and the civil revision petition is allowed. No costs.