Puthia Madathil Subramaniam Pattar of Engadiyur Amsom and Desam (dead) and Another vs Engadiyur Devaswom Uralan Antoli Nani Amma's son Karnavan Velu Nair and Others

Phillips, J.—This is a suit on a promissory note executed by the defendants who are Uralars of a devaswom. In the promissory note it is

recited that the two defendants promise ""in our capacity as Uralars of the devaswom to pay"" and again we have the recital "" the amount that has

been taken in cash is due to you from the devaswom. "" Notwithstanding this specific recital of the liability of the devaswom for the suit debt the

Lower Appellate Court has held, relying on Saminatha Aiyar v. Srinivasa Aiyar (1916) 32 MLJ 259, that the plaintiff is entitled only to a personal

decree against the Uralars. Since the District Judge delivered his judgment another case of this Court has been reported, namely, Sundaftesan

Chettiar v. Viswanatha Pandara Sannadhi ILR (1922) M 703, in which the facts are identical with the present case, namely, there was a distinct

understanding in the promise made by the Uralars that the money was to be repaid out of devaswom funds, that is to say, not only did they pledge

their personal credit but they entered into a contract with the plaintiff that the devaswom funds should be liable tor the repayment of the debt.

These facts distinguish the present case from that reported in Saminatha Aiyar v. Srinivasa Aiyar (1916) 32 MLJ 259 and also that in Ammalu

Ammal alias Parvathi Ammal Vs. Namagiri Ammal and Others, . In this latter case the learned Judges refused to consider the question of liability of

trustees of religious institutions and based their judgment on the liability of secular trustees and adopting the same argument as that adopted in the

earlier case held that there was only a personal liability. This conclusion is based on the principles of English Law relating to trustees but it is

doubtful whether they are applicable in their entirety to persons like heads of mutts or managers of religious institutions who are not in the strict

sense of the word trustees.

It is suggested for the respondents that because the earliest decision in Srimath Deivasikhamani Pandara Sannddhi v. Noor Mahomed Rowther

ILR (1907) M 703 is doubted in Saminatha Aiyar v. Srinivasa Aiyar (1916) 32 MLJ 259, whereas it is to a limited extent approved in Sundaresan

Chettiar v. Viswanatha Pandara Sannadhi ILR (1922) M 703 that there is a divergence of opinion between the two Benches. But Krishnan, J. in

Sundaresan Chettiar v. Viswanatha Pandara Sannadhi ILR (1922) M 703 merely says that he is inclined to follow Srimalh Deivasikhamani

Pandara Sannadhi v. Noor Mahomed Rowther ILR (1907) M 47""where the debt is not incurred purely on the personal liability of the debtors "".

This limitation of liability is the cardinal distinction between the present case and that in Saminatha Aiyar v. Srinivasa Aiyar (1916) 32 MLJ 259

where the authority of the prior decision was questioned. I am bound by the decision in Sundaresan Chettiar v. Viswanatha Pandara Sannadhi ILR

(1922) M 703 which is exactly in point and I may add that I see no reason to doubt its correctness.

I may here observe that in dealing with the facts of this case I have taken one fact as assumed by both the Lower Courts, namely, that there was

necessity to borrow on behalf of the devaswom. That point has not been decided by either Court. It will therefore be necessary to remit the case

to the District Munsif for decision of this issue and for final disposal in the light of the above remarks. The stamp on the appeal memo. will be

refunded and the costs of this appeal will abide the result.