Raju vs State of U.P.

Amar Saran, J.—Criminal Appeal No. 1706 of 2006 has been preferred by appellant Raju, which is connected with Criminal Appeal No. 1662 of 2006, preferred by appellant Ram Chandra. The said two appeals are also connected with Reference No. 4 of 2006 sent by the learned Sessions Judge u/s 366 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Both the above mentioned appeals have been filed against the Judgment and order dated 8.3.2006 passed by the learned Additional Sessions, Court No. 5 Fatehpur whereby both the appellants have been convicted and sentenced to death u/s 364-A/302/34 IPC and a fine of Rs. 10,000/- each under both the aforesaid provision and in default of payment of fine they have to undergo one year''s additional imprisonment. The two appellants have further been awarded 7 years'' 7 u/s 201 IPC and a fine of Rs. 5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine, they are to undergo six months additional imprisonment.

The brief facts of the case are that a seven year old child Chandan alias Akhilesh Kumar disappeared from his house No. 423 Murain Tola at about 4.00 P.M. on 19.2.1995. When he could not be traced out after search, a Gumshudgi report was lodged by his father Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, P.W. 3 at police station Kotwali Fatehpur on the same day (Ext. Ka 10).

On 23.2.1995, the informant received a barren letter (Ext. Ka 1) purporting to be written by one Dadua, which mentioned that if the informant''s son was dear to him, he should reach the spot mentioned in the letter on 27.2.1995 between 12.00 and 1.00 P.M. If the informant resorted to any cunningness or any one accompanied him, then the child would be shot dead. The informant was to wear a white Kurta Pajama and a cap on his head. If the contents of this letter were mentioned in the newspapers, T.V. or radio, then the informant should protect himself as apart from his son he would also lose his life. The letter further stated that the informant was to enter into an orchard where there would be a red flag. He should place the money there and turn away immediately otherwise there would be danger. The address given in the letter was as follows. The informant was to proceed on a bus from Fatehpur to Augasi. Before Augasi he was to get off at Khansenpur where he was to ask someone the way to Dagaria. At Dagaria he was to ask some small child about the way to Keshav''s Orchard. There was a culvert near the orchard where he was to reach with the money. He was not to show the letter to anyone otherwise he would have to face the consequences.

The informant did not immediately hand over the said letter to the police, but kept on searching for his son with the aid of his relations.

On 6.3.1995 the informant''s elder brother Rajendra Bahadur making enquiries from Ghazipur reached Chak Sakran. Then on the outskirts of Mardanpur and Dhansinghpur, he heard that a dead-body was floating in a well. When he reached there, he found it to be of the child Chandan alias Akhilesh Kumar. Rajendra Bahadur accompanied by Jagdish Prasad and Gyan Prakash gave a written information of this recovery at police station Kotwali, district Fatehpur at 8.15 A.M. on 6.3.1995. Thereafter S.O. S.M. Singh proceeded to the well of Shri Pal Kurmi and with the aid of constables Vijay Kumar and Babulal they took out the body and conducted inquest (Ext. Ka 14) on it, and sent the dead body for port-mortem and completed the other formalities in that regard. No one was named as an accused at that stage. A plastic belt was tied round the neck of the child. Both the hands of the child were tied with a plastic thread.

Dr. P.S. Mishra, P.W. 4 conducted the post-mortem on the body of Chandan alias Akhilesh Kumar at about 3.30 P.M. on 7.3.1995. As per the post-mortem report (Ext. Ka 9) there was no external mark of injury on the dead body of the deceased. Decomposition had begun and the skin was peeling off and maggots were present. The eyes and mouth were open and the tongue was protruding. There was a hyoid fracture on the neck. The brain was liquefied. Both the lungs had become black and soft. The stomach had distended due to gas. It contained 100 ml of semi-digested food. In the small intestine there was gas and some digested food. The large intestine had distended due to gas. The liver was softened and the bladder was empty. The deceased could have died 5-10 days earlier. The cause of death was strangulation due to asphyxia.

There was a shirt, sweater, pant, and tabeez on a black thread on the dead body. The same were handed over to the constable. The doctor admitted that death could have taken place after 19.2.1995.

As the appellant Ram Chandra used to reside in a room in the house of Sajjan Lal Srivastava, which was opposite the informant''s house and he had disappeared since 19.2.1995 and he had not even been going to school, the informant became suspicious about the appellant Ram Chandra''s complicity as the child was close to him. On 8.3.1995 when the appellant Ram Chandra visited his rented accommodation at about 4.00 P.M., presumably for the purpose of vanishing with his luggage, the informant and his brother along with some other persons pounced on him and apprehended him. They enquired about the abduction of Chandan, who first tried to make excuses, but when they questioned him deeply, then he began to apologise and stated that he had committed a mistake. He disclosed that he was intending to abduct Chandan in order to demand ransom from Chandan''s father, hence he had entered into a conspiracy with the co-appellant Raju, who also belonged to his village Dhansingh Pur, police station Ghazipur. In pursuance of the said conspiracy Raju came to the residence of his relation Arvind alias Pappu on 19.2.1995 in the morning. He sent the appellant Ram Chandra to fetch the child Chandan from his residence. At 3.30 P.M. when the child was playing outside, then the appellant Ram Chandra called him for taking him out for giving him a sweet. At that time Sajjan Lal''s son Nitesh alias Neelu was also there. Ram Chandra also invited Nitesh alias Neelu to take a sweet and asked him to bring his small red cycle. He made Chandan sit in the front and Neelu sit at the back. They then went to Ganga Nagar Colony and gave them sweets in a vacant house near Pappu''s house. After that Ram Chandra reached back and dropped Nitesh alias Neelu at his house and returned on foot to Ganga Nagar Colony. After that Ram Chandra along with Raju persuaded Chandan to go with them on a truck to Bahua. From Bahua they took a tempo to Chak Sakran from where they started walking to the village. By then it had become quite dark. At the village they did not know where to keep Chandan. By then Chandan had started weeping and wanted to go back home and threatened to disclose this incident to his relations. At that moment the appellants Ram Chandra and Raju decided to murder Chandan and they took him near a well and tied his neck with a plastic thread which caused his death. After that they filled mud etc. on the clothes of the deceased Chandan and threw his corpse into the well and thereafter returned to Ganga Nagar Colony by truck.

After the dead body was recovered, the appellant Ram Chandra became very nervous. He stated that he was fleeing with his luggage when he was apprehended by the informant and his relatives.

On enquiry about the letter the appellant Ram Chandra replied that they had got the letter written by Raju''s relative Pappu. He had purchased the paper from Sahu''s shop for 25 paise. On their dictation Arvind had written out the letter. They decided to give a part of the ransom money to him. On the basis of Ram Chandra''s statement they took him to Ganga Nagar Colony where on his pointing out they arrested Arvind alias Pappu where Pappu had been shown that letter. He admitted that he had written the same on the dictation of Ram Chandra and Raju. However, the last three lines of the letter were not written by him. About the last three lines, the appellant Ram Chandra confessed that he along with his friend Vishambhar Dayal compelled his class fellow Dhananjay in the college field to write the said lines. The informant took Ram Chandra and Arvind to the police station Kotwali, Fatehpur and handed them over to the police along with the ransom letter (Ext. Ka. 1). As Raju could not be traced out, they did not bring Raju. The report of this incident (Ext. Ka. 10) was lodged on 8.3.1995 at 8.25 P.M. at police station Kotwali, Fatehpur.

Initially the investigation in the case was conducted by SI S.K. Mishra. Thereafter on 9.3.1995, the S.O. of police station Kotwali, Fatehpur assumed the investigation of the case. He recorded the statements of Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, the informant and Rajendra Bahadur and visited the place of incident where the site plan (Ext. Ka. 10) of the place from where the deceased was abducted from the front of the house of the informant Narendra Bahadur Srivastava and Sajjan Lal, was shown. Ext. Ka. 11 was the house which belonged to Jogeshwar Harijan where the deceased was kept for two hours, which is near the house of Arvind alias Pappu and Ext. Ka 12 described the well of Shri Pal Kurmi, which had about 8 ft of water from where the dead body was recovered and which was 1-1/2 kms. from village Mardanpur and 1 km from village Dhansingh Pur.

On 10.3.1995 he recorded the statements of other witnesses and submitted an application for getting the 164 Cr.P.C. statement of Dhananjay alias Dhanraj recorded by a Magistrate.

He submitted a charge sheet against the accused Ram Chandra, Raju and Arvind under Sections 302/201/364-A/365 IPC (Ext. Ka 13) on 20.5.1995.

On 1.5.1995, the investigating officer took the accused Arvind alias Pappu from jail and prepared six copies of his handwriting and got the same sent to the Forensic Research Laboratory, Lucknow for examination after obtaining an order from the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Fatehpur.

Initially on 28.11.1995 a charge was framed under Sections 364 IPC and 302/34/201 IPC against both the appellants and Arvind. However, it appears that on 7.3.2006 the trial Judge amended the charge and mentioned therein that Chandan aged about 8 years, son of the complainant, was kidnapped for ransom and also that the said Chandan might be murdered in the event of failure to pay the ransom, and therefore, they had committed an offence punishable u/s 364 "A" and the letter in quotes was added on 3.4.2006.

The appellants pleaded not guilty to the charge and claimed to be tried.

There is also a report of the handwriting expert of the Forensic Laboratory, (Ext. Ka. 19) that the admitted writing of the appellant Ram Chandra tallied with the disputed writing Q-1 and Q-2 on the alleged ransom letter, but the portion of the letter marked Q-3, which contained the last three lines on the first page (which was the portion said to have been written by Dhanraj, P.W. 2) did not tally with the sample writings S-1 to S-11.

In this case of circumstantial evidence, five witnesses of fact Arvind Kumar alias Pappu, who was an accused and who was made a witness, P.W. 1, Dhananjay alias Dhanraj, P.W. 2, who was the writer of the last three lines of the first page of the ransom letter, Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, P.W. 3, who was the informant and father of the deceased Chandan and Rajendra Bahadur, P.W. 5, who was the brother of the informant and P.W. 7 Guddu Srivastava, who was also a witness of extra-judicial confession and arrest of Ram Chandra by the police have been examined. P.W. 4 Dr. P.S. Mishra who conducted the postmortem on the body of the deceased and P.W. 6 SI B.D. Singh, the investigating officer and P.W. 8 SI S.M. Singh, who conducted the inquest, recovery of dead body and completed other formalities for sending the dead body for post-mortem as described herein-above were examined as formal witnesses.

Accused Arvind Kumar @ Pappu was examined as PW 1 after an application (paper No. 11B) moved by him dated 24.1.1996 for becoming an approver was accepted by the trial judge on that date. PW 1 has deposed that he was known to the accused Raju, who was the brother-in-law (wife''s brother) of his brother. Appellant Ram Chandra belonged to Raju''s village Dhansenpur. His marriage was fixed for 20.2.1995. On 20.2.1995 at about 8.30 a.m. Ram Chandra and Raju had come to his residence and asked him to come along with them to a shop. Ram Chandra handed him over a paper and an envelope and took him to a vacant house and directed him to write a letter as dictated by him. When he refused, he threatened him that he should write it or his baraat would not leave on that date and he would be murdered. As the threats were repeated he wrote out whatever he was dictated by Ram Chandra to write in the letter and he admitted to have written Ext. Ka 1 except the three lines therein. On 8.3.1999 Ram Chandra was brought by Narendra Kumar and Ors. to his house and then they took him to the police station. He was not shown any paper in his house. At about 7 or 7.30 pm he was shown the paper (Ext. Ka 1). Then he admitted to have written the letter at the instigation of Ram Chandra. The specimens of his writing and signature were taken on orders of the CJM, Fatehpur and he admitted the documents (which were written in the CJM''s court marked Exts. 1 to 6). His statement was also recorded by the CJM u/s 164 Cr.P.C. The police had also interrogated him.

PW 2 Dhanraj has stated that he was acquainted with Ram Chandra who was a fellow student. In 1995 he was studying in class X in Government Inter College, Fatehpur. On 20.2.1995 when he had gone to school, he met the appellant Ram Chandra accompanied by one Vishambhar. They took him to the big field of the college. There Ram Chandra gave him a paper on which something was already written and asked him to write in the vacant space as directed. When he refused them, they threatened him that they would kill him and his family members. Out of fear, he wrote out whatever Ram Chandra asked him to write. The note part in Ext. Ka 1, which directs that the informant was to go to an orchard where he would find a red coloured flag and keep the money there and return immediately otherwise there would be danger, which was marked as Ext. Ka 8 was admitted to have been written by this witness. He has stated that the investigating officer had taken the specimen of his writing for a magistrate (marked as Exts 1 to 6). Ram Chandra had compelled him to append his writing at about 11 am. Because of the threats and fear he had also not made a disclosure about this fact. As he has stated he had mentioned about the threats given by Vishambhar and Ram Chandra to the investigating officer. He was arrested at about 10 pm on 20.2.1995 by the investigating officer who had come there along with Ram Chandra. The investigating officer was compelling him to write out something in the police station and was comparing his writing on the document. The investigating officer had not made Arvind write anything in his presence. He denied that he was deposing against Ram Chandra because he had a quarrel with him in 1995. He insisted that he had written the three lines in the field itself.

PW 3 Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, who is the informant and father of the deceased Chandan and resident of 423, Mulayam Tola. He claims to know Ram Chandra, Raju, Arvind Kumar @ Pappu from before. His son Akhilesh @ Chandan, who was studying in class II, disappeared from his house on 19.2.1995 at 4 pm. They kept searching for Chandan in the neighbourhood and when they could not find him, they lodged a report of gumshudgi at PS Kotwali and continued with the search for the boy. On 6.3.1995, his elder brother Rajendra Bahadur Srivastava, on receiving information from Ghazipur, came via Bahua road to Chaksar village in the outskirts of Madanpur and Dhansinghpur villages as he had heard about the presence of an unknown dead body in a well. In the well Rajendra identified the dead body to be that of his brother''s son. His brother also gave information about this fact at the PS Ghazipur. The police of Ghazipur police station got the dead body taken out from the well and conducted inquest and sent the body for postmortem. He also mentioned the receipt of the barren letter demanding ransom on 23.2.1995 whose contents have been described above, and which contained the threat not to disclose its contents to the police or to propagate the matter on TV etc. He did not immediately hand over the letter to the police because he feared that his son would be murdered. As the appellant Ram Chandra was residing in his neighbourhood in Sajjan Lal''s house as a tenant who was very close to his son Chandan, who also used to go to his room and who had disappeared since 19.2.1995, hence this witness and another were looking for Ram Chandra. On 8.3.1995 at about 4 p.m. they met Ram Chandra in his rented room where with the help of his associates, they apprehended him. Ram Chandra made an extra judicial confession before this witness (Rajendra Bahadur, PW 5) and Mohan, Rajesh, Dinesh, Ratnesh, Guddu, PW 7 and Yuvraj etc. that he had kidnapped Chandan for ransom and that he had entered into a conspiracy with Raju son of Ram Das some days earlier that they would abduct Chandan for ransom. On 8.3.1995 Ram Chandra had come home at 4 pm in order to collect his belongings and luggage. At that time he was apprehended by the witnesses. On the date of incident Ram Chandra had left Chandan in the custody of Arvind and Raju. He had returned to Muraintola to drop Neelu back. On 19.2.1995 Ram Chandra was present in his residence till 3.30 pm. Chandan was playing outside the door of Sajjan''s house when Ram Chandra told him that he would get him sweets. At that time Nitish @ Neelu was also present there and it was on the cycle of Neelu that Chandan was made to sit in the front and Neelu was made to sit on the carrier and that Ram Chandra left Chandan in the vacant house in Ganga Nagar Colony where Arvind resided. After that Ram Chandra had returned to Ganga Nagar Colony on foot and then after persuading Chandan had taken him on a truck to Bahua from where he took him on a tempo to Chaksaran. By that time it was 8 O'' clock in the night. All these facts were disclosed to this witness by Ram Chandra after he was apprehended. Thereafter, the murder was committed when the child began to cry and insisted on being taken home and not finding any place to hide him, they strangulated him with the plastic thread and threw the dead body in the well in Mardanpur, and then returned to Ganga Nagar Colony. After Ram Chandra''s apprehension on 8.3.1995 at about 8.15 pm he disclosed the name of Arvind. Then on his information they proceeded to Ganga Nagar Colony and apprehended Arvind @ Pappu from there. After that he took Arvind and Ram Chandra along with the application dated 18.3.1995 to the police station and handed them there. He affirmed his FIR (Ext. Ka 9). The other persons who were informed about the apprehension of Arvind and Ram Chandra were Guddu Srivastava, Sanjai Verma and Rajendra Bahadur. They also signed on the FIR. After that he described the entire contents of the barren letter demanding ransom (Ext. Ka 1) which he had received on 23.2.1995, which has already been described hereinabove. He also mentioned that three lines about keeping the money near the red flag in the grove (Ext. Ka 8) were written by his friend Dhanraj Lodhi (PW 1). He has stated that he received the barren envelope (Ext. Ka 7) on 23.2.1995 by post. He did not show the letter or its contents (Ext. Ka 1 and Ka 8) to anyone for fear that his son would be murdered. On 9.3.1995 when the SO, PS Kotwali, came to his residence and interrogated him then he told him the entire story about the contents of the letters (Ext. Ka 1 and Ka 8) and barren envelope (Ext. Ka 7). The investigating officer inspected his residence and the rented house of the accused Ram Chandra. He further mentioned that on 19.2.1995 at 8.20 pm he had made the written report to the police station Kotwali, Fatehpur (Ext. Ka 10) about the disappearance of his son Chandan, aged 7 years, at 4 pm from his house. He expressed his opinion that in order to extract ransom the appellant Ram Chandra along with his associates Raju and Arvind had abducted his son and not receiving the money demanded, they had murdered the boy.

9 PW 5 Rajendra Bahadur Sinha, claimed to know the accused Raju, Ram Chandra, Arvind Kumar @ Pappu from before the incident. Akhilesh @ Chandan was the son of his younger brother Narendra Bahadur Srivastava. At the time of incident he was studying in class II. The incident took place on 19.2.1995 at 3.30 or 4 pm when the boy was playing at his doorsteps. He disappeared from there. They searched for the boy in the neighbourhood. When he was not found, Narendra Bahadur went to the police station and lodged a report. After that they continued to search for Chandan. He, thereafter, described how he found the dead body in the well in the outskirts of Mardanpur and Dhansinghpur which he identified to be that of the child. Jagdish Prasad and Gyanprakash, who were accompanying him also identified the dead body. After that they lodged a report at about 8.15 pm at PS Ghazipur. The report was scribed by Jagdish Prasad Srivastava at Ghazipur. After that he mentions the retrieval of the dead body from the well and conduct of the inquest and sending of the body for postmortem. He also mentions the receipt of the barren letter demanding the ransom from his brother and direction to take the cash to the grove of Keshav and he should not disclose the contents mentioned in the letter to the police, otherwise the child would be killed. After the body was taken out, the barren letter was given to the police by his brother. Ram Chandra used to live in the house of Sajjan Lal, opposite the house of the informant Narendra and he was then a student of GIC. The deceased Chandan was attached to Ram Chandra accused and would frequently visit his room. Ram Chandra was not seen after Chandan''s disappearance. When Ram Chandra returned to collect his luggage then he was apprehended by Rajendra Bahadur. When Ram Chandra was questioned severely, then he admitted to having abducted Chandan for ransom in which conspiracy he was aided by Raju, Arvind @ Papu and they had then murdered the boy and thrown his corpse in a well.

PW 7 Guddu Srivastava, is another witness of apprehension of Ram Chandra on 6.3.1995. He also mentioned the other details alluded to in the evidence of PW 3 Narendra Bahadur and PW 5 Rajendra. He states that on 8.3.1995 at about 4 pm when Ram Chandra had come to his rented house in Muraintola for collecting his belongings, then he along with Rajendra Bahadur, Mohan, Sanjai, Jugraj, Rajesh and Ors. apprehended him. When they questioned him about the whereabouts of the deceased Chandan, then after initial hesitation on being severely questioned he made an extrajudicial confession about the circumstances of the abduction and murder. The abduction had been effected in order to extract money as ransom from the father of the deceased. All the details about the abduction and murder have been mentioned in the FIR and the statements of the aforementioned witnesses were reiterated also by this witness. He also reiterated the circumstances how the letter was written by Arvind who was also apprehended by this witness Narendra Bahadur and Ors. and he then confessed to having written the letter and that 2 or 3 lines were written by Dhanraj. In cross-examination he denied that any beating was given to Ram Chandra when he was interrogated by the witness or of having been given any inducement to confess and by the words ''Ram Chandra was questioned severely'' he only meant that Ram Chandra was questioned in a loud voice. He denied that he was deposing falsely at the instance of police or due to his friendship with Narendra, the informant.

In his statement u/s 313 Cr.P.C, appellant Ram Chandra has taken the plea that on the date and time of disappearance of Chandan, the deceased, he was present in Sajjan''s house. After 8-9 days of the incident he was locked up at the police station. The witnesses Dhanraj and Arvind were arrested and brought there. They were made to write the letter at the police station and a false arrest of appellant Ram Chandra had been shown.

To the other question relating to the evidence collected in this case, his version was one of denial or that the witnesses were wrongly deposing against him.

He, however, admitted being a student of Class-X of Government Inter College, Fatehpur and that Arvind''s marriage was fixed for 20.2.1995.

The case of the appellant Raju in his statement u/s 313 Cr.P.C. was that the co-accused Arvind was a Devar of his sister and his marriage was held on 20.9.1995 at Malva. On that date, he was present in the marriage ceremony in Maiva from 6.00 P.M. till 21.2.1995 in the Barat party. The accused had not led any evidence in defence.

We have heard Learned Counsel for the appellants and learned Additional Government Advocate.

It was argued by the Learned Counsel for the appellants that according to the doctor''s opinion the death of the deceased Chandan had taken place more probably after 25.2.1995 and thus, no reliability could be placed on the extra-judicial confession of the appellant Ram Chandra which mentioned that the accused had caused the death of the deceased on 19.2.1995.

It was further contended that there was no eyewitness account of the kidnapping of the deceased by the appellant Ram Chandra and Ors. although it is alleged that Ram Chandra had taken the deceased to Ganga Nagar Colony, left him there and then returned back to drop Neelesh at his house in mohalla Murain Tola and then had gone back to Ganga Nagar Colony to collect Chandan. Chandan remained there for two hours, but was not seen by any person. According to the Learned Counsel for the appellants it could not be explained how the child could remain alone in a lonely house in Ganga Nagar Colony.

The amendment of the charge on 27.3.2006 prior to the Judgment to one u/s 364-A IPC and the allegation that the kidnapping was for ransom had been made at a belated stage and there was a fatal irregularity in the procedure as evidence was not recorded afresh and opportunity given to the accused to meet it.

As information about the recovery of the child from a well and the commission of the crime had already been recorded on 6.3.1995 at police station Ghazipur by P.W. Rajendra Bahadur, the brother of the informant, the so-called FIR dated 8.3.1995 lodged by the informant Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, the father of the deceased was hit by Section 162(1) Cr.P.C. and it could not be signed by the maker of the same.

The non-production of the accompanying witness Neelesh alias Neelu, who was the other child whom the appellant Ram Chandra had taken along with the deceased Chandan on Neelu''s cycle, is also a circumstance for which an adverse inference should be drawn against the prosecution.

There was no reason for the accused Ram Chandra to return to his home after committing the crime in order to collect unnecessary items and as such the accused had falsely been shown as apprehended on the alleged date on 8.3.1995.

The ransom letter given by the informant to the police appears to be a concoction and had been dictated at the instance of the police.

As the alleged letter was said to have been received on 23.2.1995 and yet the report was lodged on 8.3.1995 after apprehension of the accused, the belated report suggests that it had been lodged after consultation.

There is contradiction about the time and date when the accused was arrested as although it is suggested in the FIR that the accused was apprehended at 4.00 P.M. on 8.3.1995 from his room, yet the witnesses P.Ws. 1 and 2 had stated in their cross-examination that the accused was already in jail, when they were arrested.

The evidence of P.W. 1 Arvind, who was an approver could not be read as there does not appear to be any formal order by the court exonerating him for making a complete disclosure of the offence and moreover his statement was self exculpatory so far as he was concerned. Also right till the end, he was treated as an accused and even his 313 Cr.P.C. statement was recorded.

Likewise the evidence of Dhanraj, P.W. 2, who also stood in the position of accomplice could not have been taken into consideration in the absence of reliable independent corroboration.

Specifically, so far as the accused Raju was concerned, it was argued by the Learned Counsel for the appellants that no concrete role appears to have been assigned to Raju except that he was said to have been instrumental in getting the letter written by Arvind. There is no extra judicial confession on his part and he only appears to have been implicated on the extra judicial confession of the co-accused Ram Chandra and the approver witness Arvind Kumar.

Learned Additional Government Advocate, on the other hand specifically refuted all the contentions raised by the Learned Counsel for the appellants and has argued that the chain of circumstance for establishing the complicity of the accused Ram Chandra in the offence is complete. The appellant Ram Chandra had disappeared after the incident on 19.2.1995 after the child who lives in the house opposite to the house of Sajjan Lal, where the appellant Ram Chandra was living, had disappeared.

There is no reason to disbelieve the extra judicial confession of appellant Ram Chandra, which was corroborated by the circumstance that the two persons who were apprehended after his disclosure of their having written the ransom letter, namely, P.W. 1 Arvind and P.W. 2, Dhanraj actually admitted to have written the said letter. Moreover, the writing of Arvind on the letter was also established by the handwriting expert; order had been passed on 24.1.1996 by the trial court accepting the prayer of witness Arvind to be made as approver and as such there was no illegality if his evidence was recorded. Mere fact that his 313 Cr.P.C. statement was recorded was only an irregularity which had occasioned no failure of justice.

The trial court was fully empowered to amend the charge at the stage prior to judgement. As the suggestion that kidnapping had been effected for ransom had already been made to the witnesses, it was not material that fresh examination of all the witnesses be done after alteration in the charge.

So far as the argument raised by the Learned Counsel for the appellant that doctor who had conducted the post-mortem on 7.3.1995 had stated that the date and time of death was about 5-10 days back, which would take the murder subsequent to 25.2.1995. It may be noted that the doctor had found that there was decomposition of the body and skin had peeled off and maggots were present. Estimate of time of death is clearly only opinion evidence of the doctor and it is well settled in a catena of authorities, vide Ram Swaroop v. State of U.P. (2000) SCC 484 Jai Karan and Others Vs. State of U.P., that the opinion of the doctor in such matters is only hypothetical and he can never be in a position to give firm view about the time of death.

On this basis, it could not be held that the averment in the extra judicial confession that the murder had taken place on 19.2.1995 was false and hence this mere vague estimation of the doctor provided no ground for rejecting the extra-judicial confession.

The argument as to how the appellant Ram Chandra had left the abducted boy Chandan in Ganga Nagar Colony and returned after dropping back Neelu at his residence at Murain Tola after two hours when no one saw the boy is an empty contention without substance. The prosecution case was that the boy was kept in a lonely house. Moreover, according to the appellant Ram Chandra in his extra judicial confession that after he had enticed the deceased Chandan and Neelu with sweets, he had left Raju with the deceased and the child may not have protested initially and in any case in the isolated house there may have been no one else before whom the child could protest.

Moreover P.W. 3, Narendra Bahadur Srivastava has stated that in his extra judicial confession appellant Ram Chandra had stated that he had left Chandan in the care of Raju and Arvind when he proceeded to take back Neelu to Murain Tola.

Nothing turns on the argument of the Learned Counsel for the appellants that the allegation about kidnapping having been done for ransom and the addition of the charge u/s 364-A IPC had been made prior to the Judgment on 27.3.2006 and there being no fresh examination of the witnesses of this point, the appellants were improperly charged on this aspect. Evidence in the form of extra judicial confession, evidence of letter of ransom scribed by the approver P.W. 1 Arvind and P.W. 2 Dhanraj was given in this case which clearly mentioned that it was for the purpose of extracting ransom that the child was kidnapped. Also specific questions No. 13, 21, 26 and 31 etc. which referred to the extra judicial confession and to the barren letter demanding ransom had been put for proving the case that the kidnapping had been effected for the purpose of extracting ransom from the father of the deceased.

Moreover, u/s 216(1) Cr.P.C, it has been provided that any Court may alter or add to any charge at any time before the Judgment is pronounced. Furthermore, u/s 216(3) Cr.P.C. it has been provided that if the alteration or addition to a charge is such that proceeding on from that stage with the trial is not likely, in the opinion of the Court, to prejudice the accused in his defence or the prosecutor in the conduct of the case, the Court may, in its discretion, after such alteration or addition has been made proceed with the trial as if the altered or added charge had been part of the original charge. We think that the present case comes under the latter contingency and the amended charge on 27.3.2006 could have been treated as part of the original charge framed on 28.11.1995.

P.W. 5 Rajendra Bahadur''s information about the recovery of the dead body of the deceased child from an old well in village Mardanpur, which named no one, could not be said to be the starting point of the investigation. The investigation actually commenced when subsequently on 8.3.95 the FIR was lodged by the informant Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, father of the deceased who also handed over the appellant Ram Chandra and Arvind at the police station and supplied the basis of the accusation against them. Hence there was no fetter in the said information being signed by the maker.

The cases cited by the Learned Counsel for the appellants namely, Mahabir Mandal and Others Vs. State of Bihar, ; Kali Ram Vs. State of Himachal Pradesh, ; State of Kerala Vs. Samuel, and G.D. Chadha Vs. The State, are clearly distinguishable on facts.

Moreover, the F.I.R. in this case dated 8.3.1005 basically describes the extra judicial confession by the appellant Ram Chandra, who was apprehended on 8.3.1005 at 4.00 p.m. by the informant, and other witnesses, and the consequential arrest thereafter of Arivind Kumar alias Pappu P.W.I, on the disclosure of his complicity by the appellant Ram Chandra. The two were handed over together at the police station thereafter. Arvind also turned an approver and admitted drafting the ransom letter on the dictation of Ram Chandra which was a fact mentioned in the extra judicial confession. The forensic report also showed the major part of the ransom letter to be in the handwriting of Arvind. The other averment in the extra-juidicial confession that three lines of the letter was drafted by Dhanraj P.W. 2 which was admitted by him in his evidence provides a further ground for accepting the credibility of the extra-judicial confession. This letter was received by the informant on 23.2.1995. As mentioned in State of U.P. Vs. M.K. Anthony, and State of Rajasthan Vs. Teja Ram and Others, that even if a statement made to the police during investigation is signed at the instance of the Investigating Officer it will not be rendered inadmissible and under the provisions of Sections 162(1) Cr.P.C. any part of the said statement, which has been reduced in writing, can be used with the permission of the Court, to contradict a witness in the manner provided u/s 145 of the Evidence Act. As the extra judicial confession by the appellant Ram Chandra, which was mentioned in the F.I.R. has been proved by the witnesses P.W.3 the informant Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, P.W.5 Rajendra Bahadur brother of informant and P.W.7 Guddu Srivastava, who were involved in apprehending the accused Ram Chandra on 8.3.1995, and who thereafter made the extra judicial confession about the circumstances in which he committed the crime to his captors and as P.W.1 Arvind, the approver admitted to drafting the ransom letter at the dictation and instigation of Ram Chandra and Dhanraj P.W. 2 also admitted to having written three lines on the same, which fact is also mentioned in the extra judicial confession by the appellant Ram Chandra. It now only remains an academic question and no more as to whether in view of the fact that information about the recovery of the dead body of the deceased Chandan has been given at another police station Ghazipur on 6.3.1995 by Rajendra Bahadur Sinha P.W.5, the F.I.R. about the crime lodged by informant Narendra Bahadur Srivastava on 8.3.1995 at Police Station Fatehpur Kotwali could have been signed or not by the informant.

Another criticism of the appellant''s counsel was that as the F.I.R. was lodged with delay hence it contained embellishments and was a creature of after-thought. Reliance for this proposition was taken on the decisions in Thulia Kali Vs. The State of Tamil Nadu, and Meharaj Singh (L/Nk.) Vs. State of U.P., . These cases are clearly distinguishable from the present case. Here we are conscious of the fact that on the date of disappearance of the child itself, that is on 19.2.1995 at 8.25 p.m. itself a gumsudgi report (Ext. Ka-10) was filed by the informant Narendra Bhadur Srivastava at Police Station Kotwali Fatehpur. The mere fact that the ransom letter (Ext. Ka-1 and Ka-8), which was received by informant on 23.2.1995 purportedly written by one Dadua was not immediately brought to the notice Of the police and was only produced after 8.3.1995 when the body had been recovered on 6.3.1995 and when the accused Ram Chandra and Arvind had been apprehended by the witnesses on 8.3.1995 and they had confessed to their complicity in the crime. In such circumstances it was understandable that there was a delay in filing the ransom note before the police, as looking to its tenor the informant could have entertained a genuine apprehension that his abducted child would indeed be murdered if he rushed to the police or approached the press, radio or television. Under these circumstances, the mere delay in lodging the formal F.I.R. on 8.3.1995 making allegations against the appellant namely Ram Chandra and Ors. is not fatal for the prosecution and cannot lead to an inference that the F.I.R. was a creature of after thought or that it contained embellishments. The trial Judge has rightly explained that although Nitesh alias Neeiu has given a 164 Cr.P.C. statement describing the initial story of abduction and how he along with the deceased Chandan had been enticed by the appellant Ram Chandra on the pretext of giving them sweets, the reason for the non-production of Neelu was as admitted by Narendra Bahadur Srivastava in his cross-examination that he had given an application against Sajjan Lal, father of Nitesh alias Neelu''s before the District Judge, Fatehpur and had even expressed some suspicion about his complicity in the crime, as the appellant Ram Chandra used to reside with Sajjan Lal. The informant had also written to the District Judge, Fathepur and the Chief Justice of the High Court in this regard. He expressed ignorance of the fact whether Sajjan Lal had been detained in the Kotwali for three or four days. He also disclaimed knowledge of the fact whether Sajjan Lal''s son Neelu alias Nitesh was questioned by the police of Kotwali or not. From these circumstances, learned Sessions Judge rightly inferred than the relations of Sajjan Lal with the informant appeared to be strained and possibly for this reason he did not get his son Neelu alias Nitesh examined as a prosecution witness in this case. However the Trial Judge has rightly observed, that even without the testimony of this child witness, there was sufficient evidence to establish the complicity of the appellant in this offence.

The contention of the Learned Counsel for the appellant that it was improbable that the appellant Ram Chandra would come to his residence to collect his belongings and get apprehended there, is not acceptable. How a young person reacts after committing a crime and plans his escape by reaching the spot for collecting his belongings, can not be said to be a course of conduct, which an accused can never undertake, especially as no F.I.R. was in existence against him up to that stage. The minor contradiction, which has appeared in the evidence of P.W. 1 Arvind and P.W. 2 Dhanraj at the time when they were apprehended that the appellant Ram Chandra was also in jail is not of particular significance, because P.W. 1 has specifically stated in his examination in chief that on 8.3.1995 Ram Chandra was brought by Narendra Kumar and Ors. first to his house and then taken to the police station. The paper (ransom letter) was shown to him at the Kotwali and not at his residence. Therefore, merely a line in his cross examination that Ram Chandra was apprehended before him could not lead to an inference that Ram Chandra was in jail for many days prior to the incident. Likewise the statement of P.W. 2 Dhanraj that Ram Chandra was already in custody when he was picked up from his house and that in fact Ram Chandra was brought by the Investigating Officer at the time when he was apprehended.

The submission of the Learned Counsel for the appellant that there was no proper legal order granting pardon to the witness P.W. 1 Arvind for obtaining his evidence as an approver is against the record of the case. The trial Judge has rightly observed that an application No. 11B dated 24.1.1996 was moved on behalf of the appellant that he would like to confess to the crime and that he was confessing to his complicity in the offence and that he would like to be made an approver and that his evidence may be recorded as a prosecution witness. On this application on the same date, an order was passed by the Sessions Judge accepting the application. Furthermore, Arvind''s admission to having written the letter (albeit at the instigation of Ram Chandra and Raja) was also mentioned in his 164 Cr.P.C. statement. It is true that no detailed reasons were mentioned in the order for making the accused Arvind an approver. However, from the tenor of the order on the application, it is clear that the Trial Judge has accepted the prayer. It is true that the 313 Cr.P.C. statement of this witness was got recorded. This seems to be an error and at best it may be described a curable irregularity u/s 465 Cr.P.C. wherein it is provided that no sentence, finding or order of competent jurisdiction shall be reversed or altered by a court of appeal, confirmation or revision on account of any error, omission or irregularity in the complaint, summons, warrant, proclamation, order, judgment or other proceedings before or during trial or in any inquiry or other proceedings under this Code, or any error, or irregularity in any sanction for the prosecution, unless in the opinion of the court, a failure or justice has in fact been occasioned thereby. Also the said order making the appellant an approver on 24.1.1996, which was not challenged before the superior court when Arvind was examined or thereafter, is another consideration for not setting aside the said order which the Court may in view of Section 465(2) Cr.P.C. take into account for determining whether any error, omission or irregularity in any proceeding under the Code has occasioned/a failure of justice, and whether the objection could or should have been raised at an earlier stage in the proceedings. The Trial Court has rightly distinguished the case of A. Deivendran Vs. State of T.N., , which had held that after committal there was no power with the C.J.M. to grant a pardon u/s 306 Cr. P. C. and the power has been vested only in the Trial Court, to which the case had been committed to tender pardon u/s 307 Cr.P.C. The judgements cited by the Learned Counsel for the appellant namely Chandan and Another Vs. State of Rajasthan, where an approver claimed to be a spectator at every moment and claimed not to have participated in the crime at any stage is also distinguishable. In Chandan''s case (supra) the initial story also was completely disbelieved and there was no other independent evidence from any source apart from the evidence of the approver. Likewise in the case of Ravinder Singh v. State of Haryana 1975 SC, 856 again it was pointed out that ordinarily it is unsafe to act on the uncorroborated evidence of an approver but in exceptional circumstances it may be acted upon. However, the approver''s evidence should not be completely self-exculpatory. In the case of A. Deivendram v. State of Tamil Nadu (supra) the aforesaid authorities in Ravinder Singh v. State of Haryana (supra), Chandan and Anr. v. State of Rajasthan (supra) and Ram Pal Prithwa Rahi Das v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1994 SCW 150 were considered. However, relying on the case of Suresh Chandra Bahri v. State of Bihar AIR 1991 SC 2420 it was held that when a heinous crime is committed in a manner leaving no clue of trace or doubt as to its perpetrator, it is legitimate to grant pardon to one of the accused persons for apprehending the other main accused and for production of evidence which may otherwise be unobtainable. In Suresh Chandra''s case the Court has rightly observed as follows:

The dominant object being that the offenders of the heinous and grave offences do not go unpunished, the Legislature in its wisdom considered it necessary to introduce Section 306 and confine its operation to cases mentioned in it. The object of Section 306 therefore is to a How pardon in cases where heinous offence is alleged to have been committed by several persons so that with the aid of the evidence of the person granted pat con the offence may be brought home to the rest. The basis of the tender of pardon is not the extent of the culpability of the person to whom pardon is granted, but the principle is to prevent the escape of the offenders from punishment in heinous offences for lack of evidence. There can therefore be no objection against tender of pardon to an accomplice simply because in his confession, he does not implicate himself to the same extent as the other accused because all that Section 306 requires is that pardon may be tendered to any person believed to be involved directly or indirectly in or privy to an offence.

Therefore, it is clear that simply because an accused does not implicate himself to the same extent as the other accused in his confession, it cannot be said that his entire testimony as an approver be washed off. In the present case, even though the approver PW 1 Arvind, had stated that he was compelled to write the aforesaid ransom letter at the instigation of Ram Chandra and Raju on 20.2.1995, the date of his marriage. But as the Trial Judge has rightly observed that there was sufficient material to suggest the complicity of this accused in the offence and his admission was not entirely exculpatory. It does appear probable that Arvind was involved in the offence to a greater extent than he admits as he was a relation of the co-accused Raju, the child had been detained near his residence in Ganga Nagar colony and it does not appear that it was only due to coercion and force that this witness had agreed to write the ransom note. Furthermore, his admission that the ransom letter was written in his own hand writing is fully corroborated by the evidence of the handwriting expert at the Forensic Laboratory, Lucknow. Therefore, there is little reason to exclude the evidence of this witness from consideration.

It is no doubt true that normally circumstantial evidence of extra judicial confession is considered to be a weak kind or evidence. However, in the present case, we think that the evidence of extra judicial confession by the appellant before the three witnesses P.W. 3 Narendra Bahadur Srivastava, the informant, P.W. 5 Rajendra Bahadur Sinha and P.W. 7 Guddu after his apprehension by them can be wholly relied on for the simple reason that on being questioned about the ransom ietter, this appellant confessed that the major part of the letter (Ext. Ka-1) had been written by Arvind and three lines had been written later on in the college field by P.W. 2 Dhanraj. Both these persons have become witnesses and they have admitted to have written the respective portions of the ransom note attributed to them. The handwriting of Arvind on the ransom note had been compared with his specimen handwritings taken by the C.J.M. by the handwriting expert, at the Forensic Science Laboratory and t has been confirmed to be in the handwriting of Arvind. This circumstance clinchingly establishes the complicity of the appellant Ram Chandra as without his extra judicial confession, there would be no way of identifying Dhanraj and Arvind as writers of the ransom note. Moreover, it is not denied by ibe appellant in his 313 Cr.P.C. statement that the ransom note was not written by Arvind and Dhanraj P.W. 1 and P.W. 2, but he only states that after the police had apprehended him, they forcibly got the note written out by Arvind and Dhanraj. However on careful examination of the ransom note as well as its envelope, we find that it was posted before March 1995, when this appellant was apprehended on 8.3.1995 after the dead body was recovered on 6.3.1995. If the note had been got written by Arvirw and Dhanraj by the police after the appellant''s apprehension, there would be no possibility of the stamp mark on the envelop (Ext. Ka 7) showing the date of posting in February 1995.

The principles for appreciating a case of circumstantial evidence have been aptly enunciated in paragraph 10 in Padala Veera Reddy Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and others, as follows:

This Court in a series of decisions has consistently held that when a case rests upon circumstantial evidence such evidence must satisfy the following tests:

(1) the circumstances from which an inference of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and firmly established;

(2) those circumstances should be of a definite tendency unerringly pointing towards guilt of the accused;

(3) the circumstances, taken cumulatively, should form a chain so complete that there is no escape from the conclusion that within all human probability the crime was committed by the accused and none else; and

(4) the circumstantial evidence in order to sustain conviction must be complete and incapable of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of the guilt of the accused and such evidence should not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused but should be inconsistent with his innocence. See Gambhir Vs. State of Maharashtra, .

See also Rama Nand and Others Vs. State of Himachal Pradesh, , Prem Thakur Vs. State of Punjab, , Gian Singh Vs. State of Punjab, , Balwinder Singh alias Dalbir Singh Vs. State of Punjab, .

Testing this case in the light of the aforesaid principles we are of the view that the circumstances form a complete chain which in all probability establish the complicity of the appellant in this offence. These circumstances are:

The familarity of the abducted child Chandan with the appellant Ram Chandra and the evidence that he used to visit Ram Chandra''s house freely who was his neigbour

The disappearance of Chandan on 19.2.1995 at about 4 p.m. and the simultaneous disappearance of the appellant Ram Chandra from his house and school.

The discovery of the dead body of the child Chandan on 6.3.1995 in an old well in a village neighbouring the village of the appellant Dhansenpur.

The apprehension of the appellant on 8.3.1995 by the informant and other persons and his extra judicial confession before them of having committed Chandan''s murderand then throwing the corpse in the well.

The absence of any suggestion by the appellant that any third degree method were used against him for compelling him to make the extra judicial confession against his will.

The admission by the appellant that he had got the ransom note, which was received by the informant on 23.2.1995 written by Arvind and three lines of the note were written by his class fellow Dhanraj.

The subsequent apprehension of Arvind immediately thereafter and his admission about this allegation before the informant and other witnesses, and Arvind''s subsequent deposition in Court as an approver.

The subsequent admission about this fact by the witness P.W. 2 Dhanraj, who explained the circumstances how the appellant Ram Chandra, and one Vishambhar had compelled him to write the three lines on the ransom note.

The corroboration by the handwriting expert of the Forensic Science Laboratory that the portion of the hand written note attributed to Arvind was indeed in the handwriting of Arvind, whose specimen writings had been taken by the C.J.M.

The falsity of the suggestion that the police had compelled Arvind and Dhanraj, Pws1 and 2 to write the note after the apprehension of the appellant Ram Chandra on 8.3.05, because the envelope (Ext. Ka 7) containing the ransom note bore a stamp mark of February 2005.

The corroboration of the appellant''s extra judicial confession by the medical evidence, viz. the presence of a fracture of the hyoid bone in the neck of the deceased, which corroborated the averment in the extra judicial confession that the child had been strangulated with a nylon rope.

Absence of any reason whatsoever for the informant to falsely implicate the appellant.

In view of the aforesaid circumstances, we find sufficient evidence for establishing the complicity of the appellant Ram Chandra in the offence and for upholding the conviction of the appellant Ram Cahndra u/s 302, 364A IPC awarded by the Trial Court. However, so far as the appellant Raju is concerned we find that apart from the evidence of appellant Ram Chandra in his extra judicial confession that Raju was involved in a conspiracy with him in the scheme to commit the crime, there is no other evidence against him. P. W. 2 Dhanraj does not even speak of presence of Raju, when Ram Chandra is said to have threatened him on 20.2.1995 in the second half of the day in the big field of the college and they had compelled him to write the three lines on the ransom note against his will. Moreover, even P.W. 1 the approver turned witness Arvind also only imputed the role of assistance in the writing of ransom letter to Raju and attributed no other overt act to Raju. There are no other corroborative circumstances such as familiarity of Raju with the deceased child earlier. Raju will therefore be entitled to the benefit of doubt.

Learned Counsel for the appellant also sought to argue that the appellant was a minor on the date of incident. However, this point claiming the benefit of Juvenile Justice Act was not even raised during the trial. Moreover, as per the statement of Ram Chandra u/s 313 Cr.P.C. which was recorded on 6.2.1006, the appellant had mentioned his age as 28 years. This would make his age over 16 years of age on the date or incident on 19.2.1995. There is, therefore, absolutely no force in this plea for the appellant to be treated as a juvenile and for getting the benefit of the Juvenile Justice Act.

One final question remains as to what would be proper sentence in this case and whether the penalty of death awarded to the appellant by the Trial Judge should be upheld. No doubt, this crime appears to be of diabolical nature because the appellant appeared to have kidnapped the victim, who was a child aged about 7 or 8 years residing in his neighbourhood and abducted him for the purpose of ransom. But whether this is the rarest of rare case, where only a sentence of death ought to be awarded and the other option of imprisonment for life is unquestionably foreclosed has to be decided on a critical examination of the circumstances of this case. In the first place we see that the appellant and the other accused was admittedly 17 years or 18 years on the date of incident. The incident also took place 11 years back. Furthermore, the modus operandi of the offence shows that offence was done in an extremely amateur and inexperienced manner resulting in easy identification of the culprit Thus the fact that the appellant Ram Chandra took along his land lord''s son Nitesh alias Neelu with him, when he took the child Chandan with the temptation of giving them sweets. Thereafter he even brought back Nitesh alias Neelu which would have easily resulted in his identification and involvement in the incident. The culprit''s ransom note also shows tiiat it was the handiwork of novices. Even the sum of money that was to be paid as ransom was not mentioned in the note and realising that they had not even mentioned the location where the informant was to pay the money, the appellant compelled another fellow student P.W. 2 Dhanraj to write the place where the money should be brought. The other features of the ransom note about not going to the press etc. also shows the amateur character of the act. It almost appears that the appellant and the other accused (if any) did not even know what they should do when the child started crying that he should be taken back home, and as the appellant Ram Chandra states in his extra judicial confession that having no place to hide the child, who was insisting on going back home, they strangulated the child and threw his body in the well.

In view of the aforesaid circumstances, we think that the death sentence awarded to the appellant Ram Chandra u/s 364A, 302 IPC be substituted with imprisonment for life, under both the aforesaid provisions. The fine of Rs. 10,000/- as awarded by the trial court and in default of fine, one year''s sentence under both the counts awarded by the Trial Judge is however upheld. The sentence of seven years and fine of Rs. 500/- u/s 201 IPC and in default further imprisonment of six months is also upheld. All the sentences are to run concurrently. As already held hereinabove that the appellant Raju is given the benefit of doubt and acquitted.

With these observations, these appeals are partly allowed.