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Judgment
C.S. Karnan, J.—The above Civil Miscellaneous Appeal has been filed by the appellant/second respondent against the Award and Decree,
dated 11.10.2004, made in W.C. No. 501 of 2002, on the file of the Workmen Commissioner Court/Workmen Compensation Commissioner,
Salem, awarding a compensation of Rs. 2,83,273/-.
Aggrieved by the said Award and Decree, the appellant/second respondent, The United India Insurance Co., Ltd., Namakkal, has filed the
above appeal praying to set aside the award and decree passed by the Tribunal.
The short facts of the case are as follows:
On 11.03.2002, at about 04.30 a.m. when the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan was working as a helper in the first opposite party''s rig unit lorry
bearing registration No. TN28 Y6579, at one Murugan''s place at Thennagaram Village of Polur, Tiruvannamalai District, he slipped and fell into
the well. Immediately, he was taken to Polur Government Hospital by Kumar, Senthil and Palaniappan and admitted there as an inpatient. Even
though best treatment was given to him, he died on the same day at the said hospital.
Regarding the said accident, the Kalasapakkam Police Station has registered a case in Crime No. 95 of 2002, u/s 174 of Cr.P.C. On
11.03.2002, the deceased died during the course of his employment as helper in the above said first opposite party''s rig unit lorry bearing
registration No. TN28 Y6579, under the employment of first opposite party.
The deceased was aged about 30 years at the time of the said accident and was earning an income of Rs. 5,000/- per month. He was the sole
earning member. Hence, the appellant, who is the mother of the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan has claimed a compensation of Rs. 5,00,000/-
from the first opposite party, the owner of the rig unit lorry and the second opposite party, the insurer of the above said rig unit lorry, u/s 10 of the
Workmen Compensation Act, 1988.
The first opposite party, in her counter, has admitted that she is the owner of the said rig unit lorry bearing registration No. TN28 Y6579 and
that it had been covered under a valid policy of insurance with the second opposite party at the time of the said accident. It has been stated that the
said Oomiyan @ Marappan had been working as a helper under her employment for the past five years. It was also stated that while the said
Marappan was trying to get inside the well by means of a bucket attached to the rig unit lorry, he had lost his grip and fell into the well and that
even after treatment, he had died. She had further stated that a claim form has been sent to the second opposite party, wherein the details of the
accident had been mentioned. She has stated that at the time of the said accident, the deceased Marappan was paid a monthly salary of Rs.
4,000/-. She had stated that as the said rig unit lorry had been covered under a valid policy of insurance with the second opposite party, only the
second opposite party could be held liable to pay compensation, if any liability is fastened and has stated that the claim as against her should be
dismissed.
The second opposite party, in his counter, has stated that there was no employee-employer relationship existing between the deceased and the
first opposite party. It has been stated that as the deceased had fallen into the well, while he was trying to get inside the well through a bucket, it is
evidence that the first opposite party''s vehicle was not in use as a vehicle. Hence, it was submitted that as the deceased Marappan had not died
during the use of the first opposite party''s rig unit lorry but had died due to the injuries, which had not been caused, while the rig unit lorry had
been in use. It has been submitted that the employee/helper is not covered under insurance as per the Motor Vehicles Act. The second opposite
party has not admitted that the deceased Marappan died only during the course of his employment under the first opposite party. The second
opposite party has also not admitted that the deceased Marappan died only due to injuries caused in the said accident. The second opposite party
has also denied the averments in the claim regarding the age and income of the deceased Marappan and it has been stated that the applicant should
prove that she is the legal heir of the deceased through documentary evidence. It was stated that the details regarding insurance coverage for
workers/coolies working in the rig unit lorries had been explained in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Sections 147(1) and 164. It has been stated in
the endorsement laid down in the insurance policy listed in 37 Section I that if the rig unit lorry is used for reasons others than that as laid down in
the rules and if an accident occurs due to use of the vehicle in contravention of existing rules, the insurer cannot be held liable to pay compensation
for such losses sustained. It was also submitted that in such cases compensation for the losses sustained could be only awarded as per the rules
laid down in Section II of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and that the insurance company cannot be held to pay any other compensation. As such,
it has been submitted by the second opposite party that the claim has to be dismissed.
The Labour Tribunal framed four issues for the consideration namely:
(i) Whether the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan died in the accident caused while he was working as a helper in the first opposite party rig unit
lorry owned by the first opposite party and during the course of doing his wok under the employment of the first opposite party?
(ii) What is the age and income of the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan at the time of his death?
(iii) What is the quantum of compensation, which the applicant is entitled to get?
(iv) Who is liable to pay compensation to the applicant?
On the petitioners'' side one witness was examined as PW1 and five documents were marked as Exs.P1 to P5. On the respondents'' side three
witnesses were examined as RW1 to RW3 and one document was marked as Ex. R1.
The second petitioner, Veeran, was examined as PW1. The PW1, in his evidence, had deposed the same version of the accident has been
mentioned in the claim. In support of his contentions, he has marked Ex.P1, the FIR and Ex.P4, the Post-mortem Report of the deceased
Marappan. It has been stated in the FIR that the said Oomiyan, while he was doing his duty as a helper in the first opposite party rig unit lorry, at
one Murugan''s well, for the purpose of drilling a bore well and while he was in the process of getting inside the well through a bucket, had lost his
grip and fell into the well. Subsequently, he had been taken to Polur Government Hospital, wherein, he had succumbed due to the injuries sustained
in the said accident. It is seen that this version regarding the accident and injuries are also in consonance with the report made in the post-mortem
certificate.
As such, the Workmen Compensation Commissioner, after going through the oral and documentary evidence available, held that the deceased
Oomiyan @ marappan had died due to the injuries caused in the accident, which had occurred during the period of his employment as a helper in
the vehicle owned by the first opposite party and in the course of doing his work as a helper under the first opposite party.
On scrutiny of the Ex.P4, the Post-mortem Report of the deceased, it is seen that the age of the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan has been
stated as 30 years. As such, the Tribunal held that the age of the deceased Oomiyan @ Marappan, at the time of the said accident, was 30 years.
On the applicants'' side, it has been stated that the monthly income earned by the deceased was Rs. 5,000/-. On the first opposite party''s side,
it has been stated that the monthly salary paid to the (deceased) Oomiyan was Rs. 4,000/-. But, no documentary evidence has been let in by them
to prove the above contentions. As such, the Workmen Compensation Commissioner fixed the notional income of the (deceased) Oomiyan as Rs.
2,700/- s per the Minimum Wages Act; multiplier as 207.98 and the compensation payable to the applicants'' was assessed as 50/100 X Rs.
2,700/- X 207.98 = Rs. 2,80,773/-. The Workmen Commissioner further awarded a sum of Rs. 2,500/- as compensation to the applicants
towards funeral expenses as per the Workmen Compensation Act.
On scrutiny of the insurance policy, it is seen that the vehicle involved in the said accident has been covered under a valid policy of insurance
with the second opposite party at the time of the said accident and that premium for the workers employed by the first opposite party has been
paid.
But, on the second opposite party''s side, it has been contended that the said vehicle had not been involved in the accident and that the
accident had occurred only because the said Oomiyan had slipped while getting into the well and that the said vehicle had not been in use at the
time of the said accident. It has been contended that as per the endorsement No. 37 in the insurance policy, it was not necessary for them to pay
compensation, if the accident had happened when the vehicle was used for the purposes other than those listed in the conditions. It has also been
contended that no compensation is payable by the insurance company, to the workers involved in the accident, if the accident is caused while the
rig unit of the vehicle is being operated by the workers.
On scrutiny of the insurance policy, it is seen that the policy has been taken for the vehicle bearing registration No. TN28 Y6579 having a
mobile drilling rig attached to it and that premium for seven workers involved in the operation of the rig unit, including the driver of the vehicle had
been paid. Hence, it is evidence that the helper in the said vehicle has also been covered under the said policy of insurance. As the insurance policy
has been given for a vehicle having a rig unit mounted on it, it was held by the Commissioner that the policy is valid even when the rig is being
operated for the purpose of drilling a bore well. Further, the process of getting up or getting down into a well is part of the operations involved in
the drilling a bore well. As such, the Workmen Compensation Commissioner held that the helper, Oomiyan, who had accidentally slipped while
getting into the well through a bucket and had died subsequently was covered under the policy of insurance with the second opposite party. As
such, the Workmen Commissioner held that the second opposite party is liable to pay compensation to the applicants.
The Workmen Compensation Commissioner directed the second opposite party, the United India Insurance Co., Ltd., to deposit the award of
Rs. 2,83,273/- into the credit of the W.C. No. 501 of 2002, on the file of the Workmen Commissioner Court/Workmen Compensation
Commissioner, Salem, within a period of 30 days from the date of its Order and further directed that on the failure of the second opposite party to
comply with the above condition, the second opposite party would have to pay an interest of 9% on the award amount from the date of accident
till the date of payment.
Learned Counsel appearing for the appellant/second opposite party has contended that the learned Commissioner erred in coming to the
conclusion that Ex.R1, the Insurance Policy also covers the liability that would arise when the vehicle was not in use, since in the instant case, the
vehicle has been brought to the site for digging a well. It has also been contended that the learned Commissioner overlooked the fat that the
endorsement 37 of the terms and conditions of the policy reads as follows:
It is hereby declared and agreed notwithstanding anything to contrary contained in this policy that in respect of the motor vehicle the Company shall
be under no liability.
c) u/s I of this Policy in respect of loss or damages resulting from overturning arising out of the operation as a tool of such vehicle or of plant
forming part of such vehicle or attached there to except for loss or damage arising directly from fire, explosion, self ignition or lightning or burglary,
house breaking or theft.
d) u/s II except so far as is necessary to meet the requirements of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 in respect of liability incurred by the insured
arising out of the operation as a tool of such vehicle or of plant forming part of such vehicle or attached thereto.
It was contended that the learned Commissioner overlooked the fact that the first and second respondents have not proved that the death
occurred due to the use of the rig unit lorry and on the contrary, they have in very clear terms proved that the accident had occurred when the
deceased was getting into the well with the aid of a bucket.
It was also contended that the Tribunal below erred in assuming that the deceased would fall within the purview of the term coolie in the policy.
It was also contended that the learned Commissioner had failed to appreciate the deposition of RW2, an official from the insurance policy with
regard to the restrictions in the policy and has erred in fastening the liability on the appellant company. It has also been contended that the award of
the learned Commissioner is far too excessive in nature and totally against all canons of law particularly when there is no evidence to prove the
monthly income. Hence, it has been prayed by the learned Counsel for the appellant to set aside the award passed by the learned Commissioner.
In support of his contentions, the learned Counsel appearing for the appellant has cited the following Judgments made in CMA (NPD) No. 571 of
2005 High Court of Madras United India Insurance Co., Ltd., Tiruchengode v. Kathirvel and Anr. the operative portion of the Judgment reads as
follows:
The facts of the case in the said decision clearly apply to the case on hand. The principle laid down in the said case could be equally applied to
the present case. Hence, as contended in the said judgment, when the policy specifically excludes the liability of the insurance company arising out
of the operation of a rig unit vehicle as a tool or by the use of the plant forming part of the vehicle or attached to the vehicle the relevant clause in
the said policy cannot be ignored. In the instant case, even according to P.W.1, he had sustained injuries while lifting a rod to the adopter.
Therefore, it is very clear that the accident had not occurred due to the use of the vehicle. Under such circumstances, the conclusion arrived at by
the authority below that since the vehicle has got an insurance coverage and the premium has been paid for seven employees, the insurance
company is liable to pay the compensation, is not legally sustainable. Therefore, I am not inclined to accept the submission made by the learned
Counsel for the first respondent and I am of the opinion that the finding arrived at by the authority below in fixing liability on the part of the
appellant insurance company is liable to be set aside and, accordingly, the above finding is set aside and the appellant insurance company is
exonerated from the liability.
However, it is made clear that the 1st respondent is entitled to recover the compensation amount from the owner of the vehicle ie. the second
respondent herein, by initiating appropriate proceedings in accordance with law. In view of the above, the insurance company is permitted to
withdraw the entire award amount, if the award amount has already been deposited by them before the authority below, viz., the Commissioner for
Workmen''s Compensation, Salem.
2006 (1) TN MAC 15 High Court of Madras National Insurance Company Limited v. Arumugham and Ors. the relevant head notes of which are
as follows:
Workmen''s Compensation Act, 1923, Sections 30, 3 & 4 Appeal against award under Liability of Insurer Deceased employed as Driller-cum-
Helper in Rig Unit fitted on lorry Electrocuted and died in course of his employment Lorry with Rig Unit covered by Policy of Insurance Liability of
Insured under W.C. Act to any paid driver or cleaner or persons employed in loading/unloading covered by Policy as per Condition No. 17
Certificate of Insurance being in relation with vehicle/Rig Unit Lorry. Driller/Helper engaged in respect of lorry loaded with Rig Unit would include
his avocation as a cleaner in respect of lorry as well as Rig Unit Whether premium paid for ""Cleaner"" would cover ""Helper"" also Deceased
working as Driller/Helper in Rig Unit Lorry for two years prior to his death No case of Insurer that any other cleaner other than deceased was also
employed In common parlance a Helper to a Driver of a Rig Unit would certainly come within scope of performance of duties of a cleaner of such
vehicle In absence of specific denial of any other cleaner having been exclusively employed and deceased stated to have been employed as helper,
no fault can be found with finding of Commissioner that deceased was duly covered by premium paid for ""cleaner"" Commissioner awarding
compensation therefore, upheld.
INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES Principle of Welfare legislations involving labour Provisions of law and terms of contract required to be
construed liberally and broadly Case law discussed.
Learned counsel appearing for the first and second respondents argued that the deceased was an employee and working as a helper in the rig
unit lorry of the first opposite party. To prove the same, the first opposite party had filed her counter statement and categorically admitted that the
deceased was employed by her. At the time of the said accident, the deceased was paid a sum of Rs. 4,000/- as monthly income. The learned
Counsel further argued that as per the Ex. p4, the Post-mortem Certificate, the age was 30. Considering that the nature of job undertaken by the
deceased involved hard, physical labour, the first opposite party had paid a sum of Rs. 4,000/- as monthly salary to the deceased, but the learned
Deputy Commissioner of Labour took the salary of deceased as Rs. 2,700/- in assessing the compensation. As such, considering this aspect, it is
evident that the Tribunal had granted inadequate compensation. The learned Counsel further argued that the deceased was not involved in the said
job of his own accord as alleged by the appellant. But, on the contrary was carrying out his work on the instruction of the rig operator. The learned
Counsel argued that in the said accident place, the rig was in place and the operator was there and the deceased was attached to them as their
helper for drilling the bore well and as such, the accident had happened only while the helper was doing his work in the course of his employment.
The learned Counsel further argued that five documents had been marked namely First Information Report, Registration Certificate of the
vehicle, Insurance Policy, Post-mortem Certificate and Driving licence and that these are all vitally important records, which clearly the case of the
applicants. It was further stated that all the documents were in order. The learned Counsel argued that there is no discrepancy in the said award
passed by the Deputy Commissioner of Labour. Supporting to his contentions, the learned Counsel has cited the following Judgments made in
CMA (NPD) No. 2620 of 2005 High Court of Madras National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Senniappan and Ors. the relevant head notes of which are
as follows:
Workmen''s Compensation Act, 1923, Section 3(1) and Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Section 147(1) Motor insurance Death of Rig Operator
Liability of insurance company Rig Operator met with accident in the course of his employment and the Commissioner allowed compensation
against insurance company Insurance company seeks to avoid its liability on the plea that workman met with accident while operating the drilling rig
as a rig and not while using the vehicle as a motor vehicle Vehicle was insured under a comprehensive policy and separate premium has been paid
for covering the risk to employees and there is no exclusion clause Whether the insurance company is liable held: yes; Rig Operator died while
operating the rig and risk is covered under the policy though the vehicle was not in use as a motor vehicle.
National Insurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Ayyadurai and S. Subramani, the relevant head notes of which are as follows:
Motor Vehicles Act (1988), Sections 147(1), 164, Insurance Injury suffered by a worker/coolie working in the borewell lorry, which had mounted
on it a drilling rig Scope of Sections I, II and Endorsement No. 37 of the Policy.
Liability to compensate the injured workman who had suffered by reason of the use of the drilling rig as a rig was that of the insured Amount
deposited by Insurer was allowed to be withdrawn by claimant and it will be open to insurer to recover the amount from the insured.
Considering the order passed by the learned Deputy Commissioner of Labour, in W.C. No. 501 of 2002, dated 11.10.2004, after hearing
arguments advanced by the learned Counsel appearing on either side and perusal of the citations of both sides, this Court is of the view that the
accident had occurred at the spot where the rigging operations had been carried out for the purpose of drilling a bore well and the deceased to aid
in the carrying out of the above drilling work has climbed down the well with the help of bucket, lost his grip and had fallen in. As such, the
accident had happened in the course of his employment, while he was working in the rig unit of the lorry. In the relevant period, the rig unit lorry
had been insured with the appellant. As such, the appellant is liable to pay the compensation. As such, this Court does not find any discrepancy in
the said order passed by the Deputy Commissioner of Labour, Salem, in his Order in W.C. No. 501 of 2002, dated 11.10.2004 and accordingly,
confirms the award passed by the labour Tribunal.
It is open to the claimants to withdraw the entire compensation amount with accrued interest, lying in the credit of the W.C. No. 501 of 2002,
on the file of the Workmen Commissioner Court/Workmen Compensation Commissioner, Salem, after observing necessary formalities of the
labour Tribunal, in accordance with law.
In the result, the above Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is dismissed and the Award and Decree, dated 11.10.2004, in W.C. No. 501 of 2002,
passed by the Workmen Compensation Commissioner, Workmen Commissioner Court, Salem, is confirmed. There shall be no order as to costs.