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Judgment
S.J. Mukhopadhaya, J.—The Writ petition was filed in public interest for forbearing the respondents from storage, transport of coal from or
through Vadalur, Cuddalore District.
According to the writ petitioner, the 7th respondent-The Chettinad Lignite Transport Services Ltd., Vadalur, extracts lignite from mine 1A of the
Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) and transport the same to Vadalur Railway Station, wherefrom the coal is transported to the 6th respondent-
The STCMS Electric Company (P) Ltd., Chennai. There are more than 100 families reside in Sarvodaya Nagar near the Vadalur Railway Station.
The operation of the lignite depot at Vadalur results in high levels of suspended and respirable particulate matter being generated during various
points such as, transport from the mine, storage at the bunker unit at Vadalur and transportation from the bunker to the silo by conveyance and
transport from the silo to the zero unit. Apart from high risk to the ecology, there is also a high risk of serious human health impacts likely to be
caused. The bunker is situated in an area, where there are more than 2400 houses assessed to property tax. There are many more hutments and
low income residential housing in the area. The health impacts extend to over 40,000 people reside in and around Vadalur and over 25 villages,
situate in the neighbourhood. The grievance of the petitioner is that the first respondent while granting clearance to the Power Plant, was under the
impression that the transport of coal by road through lorries would be with adequate dust suppression measure adoption. This appears to be the
claim in the Environment Impact Assessment. The matter having come to the notice of the petitioner, has alleged that though he represented the
matter to the Government of Tamil Nadu on 23.9.2002, no action was taken.
During pendency of the writ petition, the petitioner filed an affidavit wherein it is alleged that he could learn that the 6th respondent Company,
though obtained consent for establishment of the Unit in the year 1998 and commenced production activity in the year 2002, no public hearing or
Environment Impact Assessment was conducted for the entire project.
The 7th respondent-The Chettinad Lignite Transport Services (P) Ltd., Vadalur, who is in fact the Transporter of lignite from Neyveli to
Vadalur, while denied the allegation, has taken the plea that adequate safeguards have been taken to protect from any Environmental hazards apart
from other steps taken for transportation of lignite from Neyvely to Vadalur to prevent any pollution. The lignite has very high moisture content and
is not prone to fugitive emissions. NLC has been transporting lignite in open conveyors eversince the inception for several decades, but the 7th
respondent has been transporting lignite from NLC in trucks, which are properly covered and sealed by tarpaulins. The trucks move along the
road in the NLC land to the underground bunker, where the lignite is unloaded. A forced jet spray of water through nozzle has been installed to
suppress emanation of any dust particles. The spray of water is inter-locked with dumping platform of the bunker so that it gets activated during
unloading of lignite from trucks. The lignite, which is unloaded, is transferred from the bunkers to the silos by covered conveyors. These conveyors
are covered on all sides. Water is sprayed through nozzles at transfer points in the conveyors for dust suppression. Any emission from each storage
silos is taken to the respective bag filters that can filter particles upto 60 microns size. The clean, filtered and dust free air is released into the
atmosphere. It is from the silos that the lignite is loaded into the railway wagons and other actions are taken. The following steps seems to have
been taken by the 7th respondent:
(a) Providing dust suppression system through water spray nozzles for Dump Hopper, Transfer points in the conveyor and loading chutes.
(b) Bag filters to arrest dust in the silos.
(c) Covering all hoppers as well as conveyors with G.I. Sheets.
(d) Provisions of Green Belt around the unit.
(e) 17 mtrs. x 11 mtrs. Height wind cladding on all three sides of the dump hopper.
This apart, the 7th respondent also stated that they have taken adequate steps to provide a green belt around the Control Room area as well as
developing a green belt cross at dump hopper area.
In the counter affidavit of the 6th respondent it is submitted that the Environmental clearance in favour of the 6th respondent was obtained as
back as on 3.5.1994; No Objection Certificate to set up the unit from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board was obtained on 24.5.1994;
consent to establish the plant u/s 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and consent u/s 25 of the Water (Prevention and
control of Pollution) Act, 1974, were obtained on 2.6.1998. According to the 6th respondent, no hearing was required to be given in public at that
stage and in fact a sum of Rs. 1400 crores has been invested for the power project, which is functioning from the end of 2002.
The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board was asked to inspect and submit a report to find out as to whether the activities of the 6th and 7th
respondents are detrimental to the public in general. In its report dated 5.9.2007 while it is stated that the Unit was inspected on 3.9.2007, the
following statements are made therein:
TAMIL NADU POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
From To
Er.R.Ramasubbu, M.E.,(PH)., The Member Secretary,
District Environmental Engineer, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control
Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Board,
83/6, Bharathi Road (1st Floor) 76, Mount Salai, Guindy,
Cuddalore - 607 001. Chennai - 600 032.
Lr. No. DEE/TNPCB/Ind/CUD/F.0015/2007, dated 05.09.2007
Sir,
Sub: TNPC Board - Hon''ble High Court, Chennai -
W.P. No. 497/2003-filed by Vadalur Sarvodaya Nagar -
M/s. Chettinadu Lignite Transport Services (P) Limited,
Vadalur - latest report - Submitted - Regarding.
Ref: 1. Bds Memo. No. TNPCB/LAW/LA-1/0737/2007,
dated 30.08.20007.
Bds.Proc. No. T12/TNPCB/MIOCS/F719/CUD/W/2007/
dt.08.08.2007.
Bds Proc. No. T12/TNPCB/MIOCS/F719/CUD/A/2007/
dt.008.08.2007.
---
With reference to the above, I am submitting that, Consent to establishment is issued to the unit of M/s.Chettinadu Lignite Transport Services (P)
Limited, Vadalur for carrying out collection, storage and transportation of 7000 T/Day of Lignite from this office proceeding No.
DEE/TNPCB/CUD/F.OL-05/2002-1, dated 28.08.2002 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, as amended and vide
this office proceeding No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/F.OL-05/2002-2, dated 28.08.2002 under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981, as amended. The unit has commissioned the operation on 24.01.2003.
Subsequently frequent public complaints are raised from the nearby habitation regarding the lignite dust pollution. Hence, necessary direction has
been issued to the unit under the Section 31-A of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended to carry out certain
improvement measures vide Board''s Proceeding No. TNPCB/LAW/LAI/022190/2003, dated 18.03.2005. The unit has also been requested to
carry out certain improvement measures including the constructions of 3.0m ht. compound wall over which 3.0 m ht. G.I.Sheet as wind barrier vide
reference vide Board''s letter No. T12/TNPCB/719/RL/CUD/dated 06.04.2005. A show cause notice has been issued from this office vide
reference vide this office Proceeding No. DEE/TNPCB/CUD/F.OL-05/2006, dated 07.06.2006 for operating the unit without the consent to
operate of the Board under the Section 31-A of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended (copy enclosed in Annexure-
I).
The unit has furnished a reply to the above show cause notice (copy enclosed in Annexure-II). After complying with the directions and the
improvement measures suggested by the Board, the unit has requested for consent to operate of the Board vide it''s letter dated 19.08.2006 (copy
enclosed in Annexure-III).
The unit was inspected on 07.06.2007 and found that the unit and the Air Pollution Control Measures were in operation was recommended for the
issue of consent to operate to this unit under the both Acts to the Board office. Subsequently, consent to operate has been issued to the unit under
the both Acts vide Board''s Proceeding vide ref.2nd and 3rd cited subject to certain conditions.
The unit was inspected on 03.09.2007 and the compliances of the steps taken to prevent pollution as stated i the counter affidavit filed by the 7th
Respondent, is furnished below:
Sl. Condition Compliance
No.
01 The Respondents are spraying water Complied with.
through dust suppression system
while loading lignite into trucks at
the mines stockpile itself.
02 The Respondents are transporting lignite Complied with.
in trucks that are fully covered by tarpaulin.
03 Originally the 5 k.m. road from dump Complied with.
hopper to NLC Mine IA stockpile area
was a mud/kaccha road with lots of undulation.
Now 800 Mtrs. of road from dump hopper have
been converted into cement concrete road and
the rest of them have been black topped and
there is therefore no spillage.
04 Concrete has been laid in the unloading Complied with.
platform and in the ramp area. Water is
sprayed regularly on the roads from NLC
Mine-IA to Vadalur dump hopper, unloading
platform and in the ramp area thus
controlling dust emission.
05 Greenery has been developed at the road Complied with.
sides and about 500 numbers of trees and
plants were planted in and around dump hopper
as a greenery development measure in 2003
and about 1300 plants were added in the
year 2005.
06 Initially 8 Nos. of Multi tipper automatic Complied with.
water spray (Mist type) nozzles were installed
in the dump hopper to prevent the pollution in
east and south sides. To curb the dust pollution
completely, additional 8 Nos. of multi-tipped
automatic water spray nozzles have been added
at a height of about 3 mtrs. above the existing
nozzles to prevent the pollution in dump hopper
during dumping lignite from tippers.
07 The dump hopper has been fully covered by vertical/ Complied with.
straight cladding G.I. Sheets. Initially louvre
sheets were provided in dump hopper area. To
prevent the dust emission completely louvre
sheets have been converted into vertical/straight
cladding sheets.
08 3 meters height Vertical/Straight cladding Complied with.
sheets with rubber flaps have been provided
on the top of the dump hopper in north and
west sides to serve as a dust curtain.
09 The respondents have installed a windscreen Complied with.
arrangement to an effective height of 11 mtrs.
above the ground level on three sides (North,
east and south sides) of the dump hopper and to
an effective total length of 170 mtrs. as per
TNPCB advice which has eliminated the air pollution
in the surrounding area.
10 The total conveyor system is covered with cladding Complied with.
G.I. sheets on both sides of the conveyor and top
roof has been laid. The conveyor bottom is fully
covered by deck sheets. Hence the pollution is
completely controlled.
11 All the transfer points of the conveyors are equipped Complied with.
with water water spray nozzles for Dust Suppression.
12 The skirt board sealing system is provided at all Complied with.
the transfer points to avoid the spillage from
the belt conveyor.
13 Scrapper pads have been installed in all belt Complied with.
conveyors to wipe the sticking materials in the
belt conveyor and hence spillages are highly reduced.
14 The respondents are having Dust collectors/bag Complied with.
filters on top of each silo to settle the
particulate matter while filling the silos.
15 The louver type sheeting in the silo top is Complied with.
modified to Vertical/Straight cladding type
sheeting as per the advice of TNPC Board at
all places of the conveying system, drive and
tail stations.
16 Doors are provided with auto closing arrangement Complied with.
(Door Closer) in the entry points at silo top
conveyor galleries.
17 The silo bottom is fully covered with G.I. Sheets Complied with.
on both the sides. GI cladding sheets and rubber
pads are fixed on the rail entry and exit area
as dust curtains.
18 The loading chutes have been installed with Dust Complied with.
Suppression System so that the water is sprayed in
the form of mist and hence the emission of particulate
matter is completely controlled during wagon loading.
19 The respondents have installed polycarbonate view Complied with.
glass in the GI Sheet Window in the north side of
the silo bottom at the wagon loading area as per
the TNPC Board advice.
20 Installing an Acoustic Enclosure around the generator Complied with.
set has also reduced the noise pollution created from
the D.G.Set.
21 The respondents have been loading 58 wagons with Complied with.
multi engine for the past two years. Now the
respondents are using 46 wagons with single engine
and hence the noise created has also been drastically
reduced.
22 The respondents have planned to plant 1000 tree Under progress.
samplings in and around Vadalur Panchayat area as
per the District Collector advice which process
has commenced.
23 Thus suspended particulate matter generated during Complied with.
transportation and handling of lignite and noise
pollution generated during loading operation and
running the generator sets were identified and
remedial actions were done according to TNPC Board
recommendations. There is therefore no pollution
as sought to be alleged.
The AAQ/ANL survey conducted on 11.07.2006 reveals that the parameters SPM, SO2, NOx and ANL are within the tolerance limit specified
for the Residential zone in all the location (copy enclosed).
This is submitted for favour of kind information and necessary action please.
Sd/- xxxxxxxxx
District Environmental Engineer,
TNPC Board, Cuddalore.
The learned Counsel for the writ petitioner requested to verify as to whether the above report is correct or not. But, in the absence of any
contrary material, we accept the report as submitted by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.
Now the only question arises is whether any public hearing was given before grant of Environmental Clearance, in favour of the 6th respondent.
It is informed that the Public hearing was made mandatory as back as on 27.1.1994, which was made optional on 3.5.1994. It was again made
mandatory on 10.4.1997. In the present case, the Environmental Clearance was given in favour of M/s.Neyveli Lignite Corporation, on
23.12.1988, which was subsequently transferred in favour of the 6th respondent. Thereafter, Environmental Clearance in favour of the petitioner
was given on 3.5.1994. For more than 8 to 10 years no objection was raised by any individual including the petitioner till the company invested the
total amount and started functioning since December, 2002. In any case, the mandate of public hearing was made optional since 3.5.1994.
From the above said facts it is evident that when the original Environmental Clearance was given in favour of NLC, there was no requirement
for public hearing and subsequently when it was issued in favour of the 6th respondent, it was made optional. Again it was on the 10th April, 1997,
it was made mandatory. In any case, now more than ten years have passed since the Company started functioning and the Tamil Nadu Pollution
Control Board also after due verification, submitted a report in favour of the respondent and hence we are not inclined to decide the issue as raised
in the amendment petition in W.P.M.P. No. 18476 of 2003.
In these circumstances, no further order is required to be passed in the present case. The writ petition is disposed of. There will be no order as
to costs. Connected miscellaneous petitions are closed.