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Judgment
S.A. Kader, J.—The appeal is against the Judgment and decree of the Court of the Subordinate Judge of Devakottai, in O.S. No. 74 of
1978. The unsuccessful plaintiff is the appellant.
The plaintiff is a private limited company, represented by its Managing Director and the suit was laid for rendition of accounts against the
defendant, who was the former Managing Director and was in management of the company till 5.5.1976, when the present Managing Director
assumed office. The defendant was assisted in the management by her brother-in-law Thirunavukkarasu Chettiar. The plaintiff company own
extensive lands cultivated on pannai basis and on lease and the income from the lands in considerable. The company also owns topes. The
defendant, during her management, has collected paddy from the lands and realised income from the tope, negotiated agreement for sale and
received advance without the sanction of the Board and secreted these amounts. She has failed to convene annual meetings of the Directors and to
submit accounts, balance sheets and other relevant records. During her period of management, the properties of the company were attached for
Agricultural Income Tax and land tax also in execution of a decree in favour of one Parvathi Achi, a depositor in the company. The present
Managing Director and other Directors have discharged substantial portion of these outstandings. The present Managing Director has been
requesting the defendant to hand over the accounts and vouchers of the company, but she has not done so. She has left for Trichy and is
attempting to fabricate the accounts of the company. Hence, the suit for directing the defendant to produce into court all accounts, vouchers,
receipts, minute books and other documents of the company in her custody together with cash and other properties of the Company in her hands
and render a true and proper account of her management as Managing Director of the company till 5.5.1976.
The suit was resisted by the defendant. She contended that the suit, as framed, did not lie in the court below and was not maintainable for want
of jurisdiction. According to her, the Court-below not being a court as defined in Section 10 of the Indian Companies Act, has no jurisdiction
either to entertain or dispose of the dispute raised in the plaint and on this one ground alone, the suit was liable to be dismissed in limini the
defendant denied all the other allegations of misfeasance, malfeasance and nonfeasance levelled against her and characterised them as reckless and
malicious falsehood. She had absolutely no objection to produce the accounts and vouchers into court within such time as the court may be
pleased to grant and may be audited by the company''s auditor through court. She, therefore, prayed for the dismissal of the suit.
On the above pleadings the following issues were framed for trial-
whether the court has no jurisdiction to try the suit?
Whether the suit is liable to be dismissed in view of the undertaking given by the defendant to produce the accounts?
To what relief the plaintiff is entitled?
The learned Subordinate Judge took up for consideration issue No. 1 as a preliminary issue on the question of jurisdiction arid held that the civil
Court had no Jurisdiction to entertain the suit and consequently he dismissed the suit without going into the other issues. It is against this decree of
dismissal the plaintiff has come in appeal.
The only point that arises for consideration is, whether the civil Court has jurisdiction to entertain this action for accounts.
The plaintiff is a private limited company and the defendant was its former Managing Director. The plaintiff, represented by its present Managing
Director, has filed this suit against the defendant for rendition of true and proper accounts of the defendant''s management as Managing Director of
the company till 5.5.1976. Various allegation of malfeasance, misfeasance and non-feasance are levelled against the defendant but they are denied
by her, and it is needless to go into that question at this stage. The contention of the defendant is that the suit is barred u/s 10 of the Companies Act
of 1956. Section 10 runs thus:
10(1) The Court having jurisdiction under this Act shall be
(a)the High court having jurisdiction in relation to the place at which the registered office of the company, concerned is situate, except to the extent
to which jurisdiction has been conferred on any District Court or District courts subordinate to that High court in pursuance of Sub-Section(2);and
(b) where jurisdiction has been so conferred, the District Court in regard to matters ''falling within the'' scope of the jurisdiction conferred, in
respect of companies having their registered office in the district.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and subject to such restrictions, limitations and conditions as its thinks fit,
empower any District Court to exercise all or any of the jurisdiction conferred by this Act upon the Court, not being the jurisdiction conferred-
(a) in respect of companies generally, by Sections 237, 391, 394, 395 and 397 to 407 both inclusive;
(b) in respect of companies with a paid-up share capital of not less than one lakh of rupees, by part VII Sections 425 to 560 and the other
provisions of this Act relating to the winding up of companies.
(3) For the purpose of jurisdiction to wind up companies, the expression ''registered office'' means the place which has longest been the registered
office of the company during the six months immediately preceding the presentation of the petition for winding up
The argument that has been advanced before the Court below, which has found favour with it, is that the court having jurisdiction under the
''Companies Act'', shall be the High court having jurisdiction over the place at which the registered office of the company concerned is situate,
except to the extent to which jurisdiction has '' been conferred on any District Court or District Courts, Subordinate Judge'' did not have any
jurisdiction to entertain the suit. This contention is clearly untenable.
It is well settled that every presumption should be made in favour of the jurisdiction of a civil Court. In other words, the exclusion of Jurisdiction
of civil Courts is not to be readily inferred. Such exclusion must be either explicitly expressed or clearly implied. A provision of law ousting the
jurisdiction of a civil Court must be strictly construed and the onus lies on the party, seeking to oust the Jurisdiction, to establish his right to do so.
Section 10 of the Companies Act defines the Court having jurisdiction under that Act as the High Court having jurisdiction in relation to the
place at which the registered office of the company concerned is situate, except to the extent to which jurisdiction has been conferred on any
District Court or District Court subordinate to the High Court in pursuance of Sub-section (2), which enables the Central Government by
notification in the Official Gazette to empower any district Court to exercise all or any of the jurisdiction conferred by this Act upon the Court. The
Court having jurisdiction under the Act, as defined u/s 10 of the Act, shall have power to deal with all matters, for which provision has been made
in the said Act. Hence, in respect of all matters dealt with under the Companies Act, the Court having jurisdiction is the Court as defined u/s 10 of
the Act. But, in respect of matters not dealt with by the Companies Act, or for which the Companies Act does not provide remedies, the ordinary
Civil Court alone will have jurisdiction. In other words, the Civil Court will have no jurisdiction only in respect of matters falling exclusively within
the jurisdiction under the Companies Act. We have now to see whether the subject-matter of the suit is a matter falling within the ambit of the
Companies Act.
The suit, as already pointed out, is by the Company against its former Managing Director for rendition of accounts, I am not able to lay my
hands on any provision of the Act providing for the determination of the question of rendition of accounts by a person who has ceased to be the
Managing Director, finding out the amounts due from him and passing a decree against him therefor. Chapter IV-A of the Act introduced by the
amendment Act of 1963 confers powers on the Central Government to remove managerial personnel from office on the recommendation of the
High Court. Section 388-B(1)(a) in Chapter IV-A deals with any person concerned in the conduct and management of the affairs of a company
who is or has been in connection therewith guilty of fraud, misfeasance, persistent negligence or default in carrying put his obligations and functions
under the law, or breach of trust. This section applies only in respect of a person who is or has been in management and not with one whose
concern with the management has ceased. The defendant has ceased to be the Managing Director and hence this provision does not apply.
Further, u/s 388-B there is no provision for taking accounts, or for passing a decree against a person who has committed acts of malfeasance,
misfeasance and nonfeasance. Hence, I find that there is no provision in the Companies Act to deal with the subject matter of this suit for accounts.
The case on hand, does not therefore, fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court having jurisdiction under the Companies Act. It is the
ordinary Civil Court which has jurisdiction in the matter. The learned Subordinate Judge is, therefore, in error in holding that the suit is barred u/s
10 of the Act and dismissing the same. The point is answered in favour of the appellant.
In the result, the appeal is allowed, the judgment and decree of the Court below is set aside and the suit is remitted to the Court below for trial
on merits. The court fee paid on the Memorandum of appeal shall be refunded. The parties are directed to appear before the Court below on
27.8.1987. The costs of this appeal will abide by the result of the suit.