Union of India and Others vs Asia Tobacco Co. Ltd.

S. Ramalingam, J.—These writ appeals are against the common order made in W. P. Nos. 6048, 6049 and 6050 of 1984 (See Asia

Tobacco Company Ltd. Vs. Union of India and Others, .

The facts of the case are as follows : The respondent in the writ appeals who is the petitioner in the writ petitions and who, or the sake of

uniformity, will hereinafter be referred to as the petitioners, manufactures cigarettes on which excise duty is payable. By an exemption Notification

No. 30/79, Central Excise, dated March 1, 1979, made under rule 8 of the Central Excise Rules, 1944, the Central Government exempted

cigarettes falling under a particular description from so much of the duty of excise livable thereon, as is in excess of the duty specified in the

corresponding entry in column (2) of the notification. The petitioners had the benefit of this exemption notification and was clearing the

manufactured cigarettes on payment of the concessional excise duty.

However, by a Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, dated November 30, 1982, hereinafter referred to as the withdrawal notification the

earlier Notification No. 30/79, Central Excise, dated March 1, 1979, was rescinded.

On a demand being made for payment of full excise duty without any concession for the period between November 30, 1982, and December

5, 1982, the petitioners paid the amount without prejudice to their rights and contentions. The petitioners pleaded that they were not aware of the

Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, dated November 30, 1982, till December 7, 1982, and, therefore, they are not liable to pay the amount

as demanded towards differential duty in a sum of Rs. 10,04,661.

The petitioners applied to the Controller of Publications, Department of Publications, Government of India, New Delhi, on April 23, 1983,

requesting information as to the exact date on which the Gazette of India containing Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, dated November 30,

1982, was actually printed, published and made available to the public. In response thereto, the office of the Controller of Publications informed

the petitioners that the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section III, sub-section 1, dated November 30, 1982, containing G. S. R.

Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, was placed on sale for the public on December 8, 1982.

Armed with the above letter of the office of Controller of Publication, the petitioners submitted a representation dated May 9, 1983, to the

Assistant Controller of Central Excise that the Notification No. 284/82 could be made applicable only from the date on which it was made

available to the public by sale, viz., on December 8, 1982, and the duty payable by the petitioner for the period from November 30, 1982, to

December 7, 1982, should be based on the earlier Notification, viz., Notification No. 30/79, Central Excise, dated March 1, 1979, under which a

concession was available. This request of the petitioner was declined in the letter of the Assistant Collector of Central Excise dated September 19,

1983. Further representations made by the petitioners to the hierarchy of departmental authorities were of no avail.

It was in these circumstances that the petitioners filed W. P. No. 6048 of 1984, for a writ of mandamus to direct the respondents to refund all

moneys collected in pursuance of Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, dated November 30, 1982, for the period from November 30, 1982,

to December 7, 1982, on clearances made during such period. W. P. No. 6049 of 1984 was filed for a writ of declaration declaring that the

Notification No. 284/82 will be effective only from December 8, 1982. The prayer in W. P. No. 6050 of 1984 was for the issue of a writ of

certiorari to quash the order dated February 22, 1984, issued by the second respondent declining the request of the petitioners, as aforesaid.

In answer to the above prayers, the respondents in the writ petitioners who are the appellants herein and who will hereinafter be referred to as

the respondents, contended that, once the notification is published in the Gazette of India on one date it should be legally presumed to have been

given publicity on that date itself, and would also be deemed to have come into force on the date mentioned in the copy of the Gazette. They

pleaded that the availability of the copy of the Gazette for sale to the public is not material.

Learned judge, on a consideration of the law on the subject, concluded that the notification issued by the Government, in exercise of powers

under rule 8, could be enforced only from the date on which it was made known to the public by making the copy of the Gazette available for sale

to the public. In the instant case, there was enough material to hold that the availability of the Gazette by way of sale to the public was only on

December 8, 1982, as seen from the letter of the Controller of Publications. In this view, the learned judge allowed all the three writ petitions.

In these writ appeals, learned counsel for the respondents reiterated the contentions urged before the learned judge. He relied up the judgment

of the Calcutta High Court reported in General Fibre Dealers Ltd. and Another Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Others, . In that case, the excise

duty was enhanced by notification dated March 30, 1981. Certain goods were cleared from the warehouse on March 30, 1981, and, therefore,

the Department insisted upon payment of enhanced rate of duty leviable under the notification dated March 30, 1981, and not concessional rate of

duty admissible prior to March 30, 1981. It was in that context, the Calcutta High Court held that the notification would not become invalid on the

mere ground that the copy of the Gazette in which if was published, was not made available within a reasonable time. It was further held that the

publication of notification in the Official Gazette was sufficient to make it operative and its availability to the public cannot be made a condition

precedent for the same. This decision of the Calcutta High Court followed the earlier decision of the Gujarat High Court and dissented from the

view taken by the Allahabad High Court. As against this decision, there are a large number of decisions taking a contrary view. In several cases,

where such a question arose for consideration, courts have uniformly and consistently held that the notification which has a civil consequence would

take effect only when the notification is made known to the public by making a copy of the notification printed and published in the Gazette and

available for sale to the public.

In G. Narayana Reddy v. State of A. P. [1975] 35 STC 319, a Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court held that, though the concerned

notification was printed on December 1, 1966, since it was released to the public only on December 12, 1966, the authorities were restrained

from giving effect to the notification during the period between December 1, 1966, and December 11, 1966 (both days inclusive), anterior to the

release to the public of the said notification. Again, in Yemmiganur Spinning Mills Ltd. v. State of A. P. [1976] 37 STC 314, a Division Bench of

the Andhra Pradesh High Court, when dealing with a case where a Government order rescinding the exemption u/s 9 of the Andhra Pradesh

General Sales Tax Act, 1957, with effect from April 19, 1971, by notification dated May 18, 1971, was published in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette

on July 1, 1971, held that the notification was effective and enforceable only on and from July 1, 1971. Therefore, the conclusion is irresistible that,

without a proper notification, viz., without putting the public on notice, it is impossible to enforce withdrawal of exemption earlier granted. Mere

printing is not enough. After printing it must be published and ""publish"" means that it should be made known to the public. The normal method by

which the public are made known is by making the copy of the Gazette, in which the notification is printed, available for sale to the public. In the

instant case, there is in suitable proof to show that the withdrawal notification was made available for sale to the public only on December 8, 1982.

The result is that the withdrawal notification became effective only from that date, viz., December 8, 1982.

Since the transactions in question were for the period from November 30, 1982, to December 5, 1982, during which period the withdrawal

notification (Notification No. 284/82, Central Excise, dated November 30, 1982) was not made known to the public, the petitioners would

certainly be entitled to the benefit of the earlier exemption Notification No. 30/79, Central Excise, dated March 1, 1979. Consequently, the order

made in W. P. No. 6048 of 1984, directing refund of the moneys collected from the petitioner for the period from November 30, 1982, to

December 7, 1982, in enforcement of the withdrawal notification, ignoring the earlier exemption notification, is correct. It follows therefrom that the

orders made in W. P. Nos. 6049 and 6050 of 1984 cannot also be assailed.

In the result, all the appeals fail and they are dismissed. The petitioners (respondents in the writ appeals) would be entitled to costs of Rs. 500

in each of the writ appeals. The benefit of the interim order made on December 3, 1984, in C. M. P. Nos. 14576, 14596 and 14597 of 1984

would be available to the respondent with regard to the refund.