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Judgment
Deepa Sharma, J
In the present Letter Patents Appeal, the appellant has challenged the judgment dated 07.05.2015 passed by learned Single Judge in W.P.(C) No.
3061/2014, wherein her petition seeking quashing of transfer and relieving orders dated 28.04.2014 and 02.05.2014 respectively, was dismissed.
The brief facts of the case are that the appellant was appointed as a clerk vide her appointment letter dated 11.02.1997. In the appointment letter,
there was a transfer clause. The appointment letter is reproduced herein:-
“ Guri Harkrishan Public School
Fateh Nagar, New Delhi-110018
13-52/96-97/Est.
11thFebruary,1997
MEMORANDUM
The performance of Mrs. Varinder Kaur has been reviewed. She is hereby informed that she is placed on Probation as a Clerk in the salary
scale of Rs. 975-25-1150/EB-30-1660 with a basic start of Rs. 975/- p.m. The appointment shall be governed by the following terms and
conditions:
The appointment is on Probation for a period of one year with effect from 10th February, 1997.
The service conditions shall be governed by the school rules in force from time to time.
The staff is liable to be transferred to any branch run by Guru Harkrishan Public school Society. No transfer can be claimed as a matter
of right.
On Probation a staff shall signed a service contract as required under Delhi Education Act and Rules.
If these terms and conditions are acceptable, you may give your acceptance immediately.
Sd/- Kawaljit Kaur
Principal
Ms. Varinder Kaurâ€
(emphasis ours)
Vide transfer order dated 28.04.2014 issued by respondent No. 2 i.e. Guru Harkrishan Public School (New Delhi) Society, she was transferred to
their School at Tilak Nagar. Pursuant to the transfer order, the relieving order dated 02.05.2014 was passed by the respondent No. 1/Guru Harkrishan
Public School.
In the Writ Petition No. 3061/2014, the appellant has challenged her transfer on the ground that she could not have been transferred from Fateh
Nagar School to Tilak Nagar School for the reasons that every School is a separate legal entity and employees of one School cannot be transferred to
another School and has relied on the judgment of this Court in the case titled as Satbir Singh vs. Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee &
Anr. in W.P.(C) No. 8060/2007, decided on 01.05.2013. Another ground of challenge is that the common seniority list, prepared by the respondent no.
2, is wrongly prepared as certain cadre posts are wrongly clubbed together. She has also urged that her transfer is malafide occasioned on account of
her filing complaints against the Chairman of the Fateh Nagar School who had been harassing her. The transfer being thus mala fide and hence
vitiated.
All the contentions of the appellant were controverted by the respondents in their counter affidavit. It has been denied that transfer order was a
mala fide order or that she has been harassed by the Chairman. It is submitted that a common seniority list was prepared in respect of all the Schools
run by respondent No.2. It is further submitted that the appellant was transferred to another School which is at a distance of 2-3 kilometers from
Fateh Nagar School pursuant to the transfer policy of the respondents.
It is further alleged that the appellant had indulged herself in acts of indiscipline and has threatened the Principal and the Chairman of respondent
No. 1 /School. It was in these circumstances that in order to avoid any confrontation, she was transferred to other school run by respondent No. 2.
Reliance has been placed by the respondents on the case of Anand Swarup Mittal vs. Managing Committee of Ramja Sr. Secondary School No.4 &
Ors. in W.P.(C) no. 2447/1998, decided on 24.08.2006.
After hearing the arguments of learned counsel for the parties and taking note of the case laws relied upon by them, the learned Single Judge has
dismissed the writ petition vide impugned judgment.
The said impugned judgment has been challenged by the appellant before us on the ground that the learned Single Judge has ignored his findings in
his earlier judgment in the case of Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) wherein he had discarded the same common seniority list, on which the respondents
are relying in the present case. Once he has discarded the common seniority list in his earlier judgment, he cannot now rely on it. The impugned
judgment is erroneous and needs to be set aside. It is further submitted that the said findings in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) were approved by the
Division Bench of this Court in appeal.
It is further contended that since the Delhi School Education Act, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as ‘DSEA’), does not incorporate any
provision of transfer, the employee of one school cannot be transferred to other school even if the same Society runs both the Schools. In this regard,
it is urged that the learned Single Judge has not correctly appreciated the law laid down by the Division Bench of this Court in Hamdard Education
Society & Anr vs. Abdul Rehman & Anr, in LPA No. 508 of 2013, decided on 16.05.2014, wherein the Division Bench has categorically stated that
the employee of a School is an employee of that School only and he cannot be transferred to other school even if both the schools are run by the same
Society. It is argued that the learned Single Judge has wrongly relied on the obiter of the said judgment. It is further contended that as per Section 8 of
DSEA, service conditions of an employee cannot be changed after commencement of this Act to the disadvantage of the said employee. It is
submitted that the clause of transfer in the appointment letter is to the disadvantage of the employee and has to be regarded as null and void.
It is further urged that no common seniority list was maintained by the Society at the time of appointment of the appellant and subsequent
preparation of seniority list without the consent of the employee, which is also defective, cannot be relied upon. The appellant has also relied on Sub-
Rule (iv) of Rule 109 of Delhi School Education Rules, 1973. The impugned judgment is further challenged on the ground that the transfer is punitive
and mala fide and the learned Single Judge has failed to appreciate that she was sexually harassed by the Chairman at the workplace and the transfer
is a counter blast to her complaints of sexual harassment against the Chairman of the respondent No. 1/School. The act of the respondents thus is also
in violation of the directions of the Supreme Court in the case of Vishaka & Ors. vs. State of Rajasthan reported in AIR 1997 SC 3011.
On these contentions, it is submitted that the impugned judgment is liable to be set aside.
We have heard the arguments and have perused the relevant records.
The admitted facts are that the appellant was appointed as a clerk vide appointment letter dated 11.02.1997. Her appointment letter contained the
transfer clause stating that the staff of the School can be transferred to any branch run by respondent No.2. When the appellant signed the said letter
of appointment, she was very well aware and concious of the fact that her services were transferable from one School to another School run by
respondent No. 2/ Society. It is a well settled proposition of law that the transfer is an incident of service. It is so held by the Supreme Court in the
case of Tushar D. Bhatt vs. State of Gujarat and Anr. reported in (2009) 11 SCC 678 as under:-
“ 15. The legal position has been crystallized in number of judgments that transfer is an incidence of service and transfers are made
according to administrative exigencies…â€
The Supreme Court in the case of Union of India and Others vs. S.L. Abbas, reported in AIR 1993 SC 2444 has held that it is the prerogative of
the employer to decide a place where an employee should be deputed. It is also a settled proposition of law, as propounded by the Apex Court in
catena of its judgments that Courts should not interfere with transfer order in writ petitions unless the transfer is vitiated by malafides or made in
violation of any statutory provisions. The Court has held as under:-
“7. Who should be transferred where, is a matter for the appropriate authority to decide. Unless the order of transfer is vitiated of by
malafides or is made in violation of any statutory provisions, the Court cannot interfere with it. While ordering the transfer, there is no
doubt, the authority must keep in mind the guidelines issued by the Government on the subject. Similarly if a person makes any
representation with respect to his transfer, the appropriate authority must consider the same having regard to the exigencies of
administration. The guidelines say that as far as possible, husband and wife must be posted at the same place. The said guideline however
does not confer upon the government employee as a legally enforceable right.â€
In another judgment, in the case of Somesh Tiwari vs. Union of India (UOI) reported in AIR 2009 SC 1399, the same views have been expressed
by the Apex Court wherein in para 19, it is observed that an order of transfer is an administrative order and “ ….There cannot be any doubt
whatsoever that transfer, which is ordinarily an incident of service should not be interfered with, save in cases where inter alia mala fide on the part of
the authority is proved.â€
The appellant has alleged her transfer is mala fide. She has alleged that she has been transferred because she had filed complaints of sexual
harassments against the Chairman of respondent No.1-School. The respondents have denied it vehemently and have urged that the appellant’s
own behaviour was questionable; that she had been threatening the Principal and Chairman. It is further urged that no complaints of sexual
harassment was ever filed by her.
The contentions and argument of the appellant that she had been sexually harassed at her workplace in the present appeal seems to be an
improvement. She has given the facts relating to allegations of harassment in paragraph 5 of the writ petition No.3061/2017. The relevant paragraph is
reproduced as under:-
“5. That the petitioner was harassed by the Chairman of the School and she suffered mentally on that account and had to take leave
from the school. The chairman had threatened the petitioner that he will suspend her if she failed to withdraw complaint from Grievance
Cell. The petitioner had lodged various complaints by email and by hand to the Principal due to the ill-treatment given by the Chairman. The
copies of the complaints dated 18.03.2014, 22.03.2014 and 01.04.2014 to the Principal through email and complaint dated 13.03.2014 to
Chief Coordinator DSGMC/Staff S.C, Review Committee dated 13.03.2014 are annexed as ANNEXURE P-6 (Colly).â€
The perusal of this and other averments in her writ petition, clearly shows that she had not in the first instance, imputed allegations of sexual
harassment by the Chairman of the respondent No. 1/School. It is also noteworthy that in her writ petition, in the grounds of challenge of the transfer
order, she has not alleged any harassment at all leave alone allegations of sexual harassment by the Chairman. The only averment she made in the
writ petition is found in paragraph H of grounds of challenge to the effect that her „transfer order has been passed malafidely at the behest of the
Chairman of the School.â€
She has also failed to bring to our notice any of the complaints, she had purportedly made regarding sexual harassment by the Chairman of
respondent No. 1 School. The learned Single Judge also did not find any merit in the contention made relating to sexual harassment by the Chairman
of respondent No. 1 School. In para 9 (iii) of impugned judgment, the learned Single Judge has held as under:-
“ 9(iii)….. At this stage, also, I must refer to and reject the argument urged on behalf of the petitioner that there exist malafides in her transfer
order because petitioner was being harassed by the Chairman of the Fateh Nagar School and with respect to which a sexual harassment complaint
has been filed by the petitioner, inasmuch as, just making of a complaint would not mean that this Court has to take contents of the complaint as
necessarily final and hold that the same are correct unless of course there exists a judicial pronouncement of a court or a competent tribunal holding
that in fact there is sexual harassment of the petitioner. In fact, I put it to the counsel for the petitioner that the petitioner should be in fact happy on
being transferred from Fateh Nagar School to Tilak Nagar School if the petitioner was facing harassment in the Fateh Nagar School and to which
observation, obviously the petitioner did not have any answer.â€
It is noteworthy that the appellant has been continuously improving upon her pleas of malafide transfer, resulted due to her complaints of
harassment by the Chairman. Her contentions that the transfer was the result of the complaints of sexual harassment against the Chairman, does not
inspire confidence. She has failed to convince our judicial mind that the transfer was malafide. In situations, where employees of an institution are
having conflicts with each other and are vitiating the atmosphere of the school, a duty is cast on the employer to manage the employees in order to
ensure a congenial atmosphere in the working place and for that purpose, the law recognizes that it is the prerogative of the employer to choose a way
to maintain the order at workplace, so that the employees can discharge their functions efficiently, utilizing their full potential. This Court in the case of
P. Rajapratap vs. Union of India reported in 2010 (1) SLR 123 (Delhi) has held in para 15 as under:-
It is good management to separate two employees in an organization who come into conflict with each other without apportioning
blame on any, for the reason, a blame game vitiates the atmosphere in an organization. One of the two employees needs to be transferred
out. We see no scope for malice in said approach being adopted.â€
Therefore, in order to bring normalcy at the work place, if two employees are fighting with each other and if one of them is transferred out, it
cannot be said to be an act of malafide on the part of the employer. The contention of the appellant that her transfer was vitiated being mala fide, has
no force and we find no infirmity or illegality in the impugned judgment on this count.
It is also argued by the learned counsel for the appellant that at the time when she joined the respondent No. 1/School, there was no common
seniority list and it was prepared subsequently and, therefore, such seniority list is hit by Section 109 of DSEA, 1973.
The learned Single Judge has dealt with this argument in the impugned judgment in para 9. The relevant paragraph is reproduced as under:-
“9(i) Learned counsel for the petitioner argued two further aspects to question the transfer order. First is that, the common seniority list
filed was one which is not properly maintained including for the reason that cadre posts which have not to be shown together have been
shown together under the same cadre. The second aspect which is argued is by placing reliance upon Rule 109 of the Delhi School
Education Act and Rule, 1973 (in short „DSEAR, 1973â€) that a common seniority list can only be maintained if school had maintained
common seniority list even before passing of the DSEAR, 1973.
(ii) Both the aspects urged by the petitioner have no merits because if petitioner questions her position in the seniority list or questions the
merit of the common seniority list, then this aspect would be examined when petitioner files proceedings challenging the common seniority
list, but that does not mean that a common seniority list is not being maintained by the respondent no. 2/Society of the schools run by it in
the name of GHPS. What ought to be the correct seniority in the list, and, not maintaining of a common seniority list, are two totally separate
aspects. Once common seniority list is maintained an employee woring in one school can be transferred to another school.
(iii) So far as the second aspect is concerned, the same is also without merit because I do not find on a reading of Rule 109 of the DSEAR,
1973, that only those schools are entitled to maintain a common seniority list who had maintained it prior to passing of the DSEAR, 1973. To
give such interpretation, schools opened after the DSEAR, 1973 came into force cannot be allowed to maintain a common seniority list for
various schools which are run and effecting transfers from one schools to another although transfer of one employee from one branch to
another branch does not in any manner prejudice the service conditions of such employees, and thus which cannot be done. Surely courts
cannot decide administrative exigencies as to how an employer is to run his organisation by placing a particular employee at a particular
place in the organisation. The administrators of the organisation including schools are entitled within their jurisdiction to take a decision as
to which employee has to be placed where, and this Court except in the case of clear cut illegality or on account of clear malafides negating
the validity of transfer, will not interfere with the transfer orders…….â€
The issue as to the validity of the seniority list has been left open by the learned Single Judge in the impugned judgment and the appellant has been
given the option to challenge it by way of appropriate proceedings. This argument of the appellant is without force.
There is no dispute as to the legal proposition that transfer is an incident of service. Admittedly, at the time when the appellant joined the
respondent No. 1/School, she was aware that her job was a transferable job. The next contention and argument of the appellant is that every School is
a separate entity and an employee of one School cannot be transferred to another school even though the same Society runs both the Schools. In
support of this contention, she has relied on the judgment in the case of Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra), and it is urged that the learned Single Judge has
contradicted his findings in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra). It is also urged that the said findings in the Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) were upheld by the
Division Bench of this Court. This argument of the appellant that the earlier view of the learned Single Judge in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) had the
approval of the Division Bench of this Court is not correct for the reason that the Letter Patents Appeal against the judgment in Satbir Singh case
(Supra), was dismissed without expressing any opinion on the judgment in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra). The Division Bench had no occasion to go into
the merit/validity of the findings in Satbir Singhâ€s case in view of the fact that the transfer order, which was the subject matter of dispute, was
withdrawn and the parties were put to the original position. It, therefore, cannot be said that the view of learned Single Judge in Satbir Singhâ€s case
(supra) was affirmed by the Division Bench of this Court. It is apparent that the learned Single Judge has discussed in the impugned judgment his
earlier view taken in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) and has given the reasons for not agreeing with the conclusion in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra).
Another argument is that the findings in Satbir Singhâ€s case (supra) that an employee of a school cannot be transferred to another school even
though run by the same Society were confirmed by the Division Bench of this Court in LPA No. 508/13 in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case
(supra). It is argued that in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case (supra), the Division Bench has clearly held that the employee of a School cannot be
transferred to another School even if both the schools are run by the same Society. That in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case (supra), the Division
Bench of this Court has clearly held that""…… the Society establishing the School is not the employer. Each and every school established by a parent
society is an independent juristic entity having its own scheme of management and Managing Committee. The employees appointed by the Managing
Committee of the School are not the employees of other Schools."" It is further urged that in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case (supra), the Division
Bench of this Court has even gone to the extent of holding that the transfer clause in the appointment letters is an absurdity in the employment
document and has to be resolved in favour of employee and against the employer for the reason of contra proferentem rule. It is argued that the
impugned judgment is erroneous because undue emphasis on the obiter in Hamdard Education Society (supra) ignoring the categorical findings, is
uncalled for. It is further urged that the existence of the common seniority list is of no consequence, in view of clear findings of co-ordinate Bench of
this Court in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case (supra).
The respondents have urged that the findings in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s (supra) do not have binding effect in view of the earlier judgment
of the Division Bench in Anand Swarup’s case (supra). The learned counsel has relied on paras 9 and 11 of the said judgment. It is argued that in
that case despite the fact that the appointment letter did not contain any transfer clause, the Court had upheld the employer’s rights to transfer its
employee from one school to another School run by the same Society or a Trust holding that such a transfer is not a transfer from one employer to
another. It is further argued that in view of the findings of Apex Court in the case of Union of India vs. S.K. Kapur, reported in (2011) 4 SCC 589, the
findings in Anand Swarupâ€s case (supra), which were given in earlier judgment is binding and findings in Hamdard Education Societyâ€s (supra)
which are contrary to the findings of the Division Bench in Anand Swarupâ€s case (supra) were given as the same issue is non est.
We have given thoughtful consideration to the contentions and arguments of the learned counsels for the parties on this point. The Apex Court in
the case of Union of India vs. S.K. Kapur, reported in (2011) 4 SCC 589 has clearly held, in para 9 of the judgment, that where a subsequent
coordinate Bench of an equal strength wants to take a different view from prior decision of a coordinate Bench, then it must refer the matter to a
larger Bench and where it is not so done, the prior decision of a coordinate Bench is binding on the subsequent Bench of an equal strength. The Apex
Court has held as under:-
“9….It is well settled that if a subsequent co- ordinate bench of equal strength wants to take a different view, it can only refer the matter
to a larger bench, otherwise the prior decision of a co-ordinate bench is binding on the subsequent bench of equal strength. Since, the
decision in S.N.Narula's case (supra) was not noticed in T.V.Patel's case (supra), the latter decision is a judgment per incuriam. The
decision in S.N.Narula's case (supra) was binding on the subsequent bench of equal strength and hence, it could not take a contrary view,
as is settled by a series of judgments of this Court.â€
Both in Anand Swarupâ€s case (supra) and Hamdard Education Societyâ€s case (supra) point in issue was same, i.e. transfer of an
employee from one School to another where both the Schools are run by the same Society/Trust and relieving of common seniority list in
such transfers. In view of the law propounded by Supreme Court in the S.K. Kapur (supra), the previous judgment of the Division Bench i.e.
Anand Swarupâ€s case (supra) holds the field and is good law on this issue. The coordinate Bench of this Court in Anand Swarupâ€s case
(supra) in paragraphs 9, 10 ,11 and 15 has clearly held as under:-
“ 9. It is not necessary to refer to the various cases cited by the petitioner in his written submissions. It is sufficient to notice the two
cases, namely, Shri Ram Foundation and Anr. vs. Directorate of Education and Jawahar Lal Nehru University v. Dr. K.S. Jawatkar
(supra),to which he has referred during the course of his submissions. In our view, Shri Ram Foundation and Anr. v. Directorate of
Education, when read as a whole does not support the petitioner's case. Reference is invited to the following part of the judgment:
“There is no prohibition in the Act for transfer from one School to another. The question of transferability with promotion or without
promotion or on the basis of joint seniority are entirely the matters between the employees and the management. Where an employee joins
such an institution which is managed by a Society or a Trust he joins the institution with open eyes. He accepts the term of transferability
and joint seniority. He might see a benefit in it.â€
In our view, the case of Jawaharlal Nehru University (supra) does not advance the petitioner's case. Firstly, the requirement of consent,
express or implied, is for transfer from one employer to another, i.e., from one centre to another. In the instant case, it is the admitted
position that both the schools are run by Ramjas Foundation, i.e. the Society, which had employed the petitioner. None of the schools is run
as an independent Society or a Trust. It is not a case of transfer from one employer to another.
Learned Counsel for the respondent, in refuting the submissions made by the petitioner, has taken us through the appointment letter;
which is silent on the issue of transfer. The appointment dated 8.10.1970 has been issued by the Ramjas Foundation. It does not contain any
provision for transfer or any prohibition on it.
We may also refer to an earlier letter dated 31.10.1958, which shows that for all the schools run by the Trust, a common seniority list is
maintained and objections are invited from teachers with regard to the seniority list, if any. It would show that the Trust has been
maintaining a common seniority list much prior to the employment and engagement of the petitioner.
In these circumstances, we hold that there was no legal embargo on the transfer of the petitioner by the respondent Society from its one
school to the other and the same is not vitiated by any malafides or extraneous considerations. The challenge to the transfer, therefore,
fails.
Petition stands dismissed.â€
In Anand Swarupâ€s (supra), this Court had upheld the transfer of the employee from one school to another of the same Society i.e. Ramjas
Foundation, despite the fact that there was no transfer clause in the appointment letter of the employee. The present case is on better footing. The
fact shows that the appointment letter of the appellant contained the transfer clause and she had signed her appointment letter knowing fully well that
her post was transferable. Admittedly, a common seniority list is also being maintained by the respondent No. 2. As discussed above, the appellant has
also failed to point out any element of malafide or bias on the part of respondents. Admittedly, the place where she has been transferred is nearby.
Even otherwise, the appellant has not claimed any inconvenience which is likely to be caused to her by travelling to another School.
We find no infirmity and illegality in the impugned judgment. The impugned judgment does not call for any interference. The appeal has no merit
and the same along with pending applications is hereby dismissed with no order as to costs.