AI Structured Summary
Not yet generated for this judgment
Judgment
The appellant has filed the present appeal against the Judgment and order passed by District Judge-3 and Additional Sessions Judge at Ahmednagar
in Regular Civil Appeal No.18 of 2009 decided on 07.04.2010. The appellant had filed the aforesaid appeal being aggrieved by the Judgment and order
passed in Hindu Marriage Petition No.12 of 2007 by 2nd Joint Civil Judge (Senior Division), Ahmednagar on 02.12.2008.
The respondent had filed the aforesaid Hindu Marriage Petition No.12 of 2007 seeking decree of divorce against the appellant under Section 13(1)
of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'). It was the contention of the respondent in the said petition that the appellant,
without any sufficient cause, deserted him and subjected him to cruelty by filing a false criminal case against him and his parents, brothers under
Section 498-A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and by filing a proceeding under Section 97 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking custody of
minor son Rohan, and certain other proceedings.
Petition was resisted by the appellant. She denied the allegations made by the respondent against her and made counter allegations against the
respondent that he, without any cause, deserted her and the minor son and did not care for their maintenance. It was also the contention of the
appellant that though son Rohan was having heart disease by birth and huge expenses were required to be spent on his treatment, the respondent did
not contribute in the said expenses and never cared about the health of son Rohan. It was also alleged by her that the respondent was intending to
perform a second marriage. Allegation of unlawful monetary demands was also raised against the respondent and his family members.
In the Trial Court, the present respondent had deposed before the Court and had also examined three witnesses. The respondent had also filed on
record the certified copies of the depositions of the appellant recorded in Miscellaneous Criminal Application No.285 of 2001 and in R.T.C. No.268 of
2001. In the meanwhile, the appellant had filed Hindu Marriage Petition No.246 of 2008 under section 9 of the Act seeking restitution of conjugal
rights. The copy of the said petition was also placed on record by the respondent. The appellant had also deposed before the Court in the said petition.
The learned Civil Judge (Senior Division), after having assessed the oral and documentary evidence brought on record before him, allowed the petition
filed by the respondent and granted the decree of divorce in favour of the respondent. Aggrieved by the Judgment and decree so passed, the appellant
preferred Regular Civil Appeal No.18 of 2009 before the District Court and since the District Court has dismissed the said appeal and thereby has
confirmed the decree of divorce passed by the Trial Court, the appellant has preferred the present Second Appeal.
Shri V.S.Bedre, learned Counsel appearing for the appellant assailed the Judgments passed by the Courts below on various grounds. The learned
Counsel submitted that the Courts below have utterly failed in appreciating that the desertion was the main ground for seeking divorce by the
respondent, which has not been duly proved by the respondent. The learned Counsel further submitted that the Courts below have also failed in
appreciating that if the wife is forcibly driven away by the husband and is, therefore, compelled to live at her parental house, sometimes for a quite
long period as is the situation in the present case, the said period cannot be considered in arriving at a conclusion that the wife deserted her husband
and remained away from his company for a long time so as to entitle the husband to seek divorce on the ground of desertion. The learned Counsel
submitted that in the instant matter, the appellant was driven out by the respondent in the year 1996 and her one year old son was snatched from her
by the respondent. The learned Counsel submitted that since then against her wish, the appellant is residing at her parental house. The learned Counsel
submitted that the appellant was forced to make an application under Section 97 of the Code of Criminal Procedure so as to obtain custody of her
tender aged son. The learned Counsel further submitted that since beginning the appellant had consistently taken a stand that she wants to cohabit
with the respondent. She also filed a petition under Section 9 of the Act seeking restitution of conjugal rights against the respondent. The learned
Counsel submitted that the appellant had made all honest and bonafide efforts to cohabit with the respondent, but as the respondent had fallen in love
with one Megha Rokade and was intending to marry with her, and according to information of the appellant, ultimately got married with her, the
respondent did not allow the appellant to cohabit with him and by making false allegations, filed divorce petition against her. The learned Counsel
submitted that both the Courts below have lost sight of the aforesaid aspect that the appellant was always ready and willing to cohabit with the
respondent and under such circumstances, no decree of divorce could have been passed against her that too on the allegation of desertion. The
learned Counsel, therefore, prayed for setting aside the Judgments passed by the Courts below.
Shri A.S.Deshpande, learned Counsel appearing for the respondent supported the impugned Judgments. The learned Counsel submitted that the
evidence, which has come on record clearly demonstrates that the appellant was not willing to stay with the respondent and at her own had left the
company of the respondent by leaving behind minor son Rohan with the respondent. The learned Counsel further submitted that by making false
allegations, an application was preferred by the appellant under Section 97 of the Code of Criminal Procedure for custody of minor son Rohan. The
learned Counsel submitted that the said application is not the only instant of making false allegation by the appellant against the respondent, but there
are many more such acts committed by the appellant thereafter.
The learned Counsel submitted that the appellant had filed absolutely false case under Section 498-A of the IPC, not against the respondent alone,
but also against his parents and brother. The learned Counsel submitted that the aforesaid criminal case ultimately ended in acquittal. The learned
Counsel submitted that the false allegations were made by the appellant in the aforesaid complaint as about the monetary demands by the respondent
and his parents from the appellant, which ultimately proved to be without any substance.
The learned Counsel further submitted that the appellant in her testimony, in the proceeding under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
has unambiguously deposed before the Court that she was not willing to cohabit with the respondent. The learned Counsel further submitted that
though, an allegation was made by the appellant that the respondent did not care for the health of son Rohan, the material on record shows that the
respondent and her mother both had admitted in their respective cross-examinations that the entire expenses on the treatment of Rohan were borne by
the respondent.
The learned Counsel submitted that the petition for restitution of conjugal rights was filed by the appellant much after the petition seeking divorce
was filed by the respondent. According to the learned Counsel it was an after thought decision. The learned Counsel further submitted that the Civil
Court dismissed the said petition and though, the appellant preferred appeal against the said Judgment in the District Court, the appeal so filed by her,
has also been dismissed by the District Court. The learned Counsel submitted that it has been throughout proved that the appellant was never willing to
cohabit with the respondent. The learned Counsel submitted that it has also been amply proved that the appellant had made all false allegations against
the respondent and his family members and has caused great harassment to all of them. The learned Counsel submitted that had the appellant been
really intending to rejoin the company of the respondent, she would not have indulged in making such false allegations against him and his family
members.
The learned Counsel further submitted that the appellant and the respondent are living separately for last more than 20 years and therefore,
chances of joining together are very dim and bleak. The learned Counsel further submitted that having regard to long period of continuous separation,
it has to be held that present is the case of irretrievable breakdown of marriage and there is no propriety in now asking the parties to reunite. In order
to support his contention, the learned Counsel relied on the decision in Naveen Kohli Vs. Neelu Koli [AIR 2006 Supreme Court 1675]. The learned
Counsel also relied upon two Judgments of Orissa High Court; one from the Division Bench in the case of Susmita Acharya Vs. Dr.Rabindra Kumar
Mishra [AIR 2003 Orissa 23] and other by learned single Judge in the case of Pradeep Kumar Nanda Vs. Sanghamitra Binakar [AIR 2007 Orissa
60]. The learned Counsel prayed for dismissal of the appeal.
I have given due consideration to the submissions made by the learned Counsel appearing for the parties. I have perused the Judgments passed by
the Courts below as well as the other material placed on record. I have also gone through the evidence on record.
The respondent had filed Hindu Marriage Petition No.12 of 2007, seeking decree of divorce against the appellant on two grounds; cruelty and
desertion. It was the specific allegation of the respondent that by making false allegations against him and his family members and initiating falls
complaints against them, the appellant had subjected all of them to tremendous mental pain and agony. It was further specifically contended by the
respondent that the appellant at her own left his company in the year 1997 and since then, is residing separately and has thus, deserted him without
any sufficient cause.
The appellant had denied all the said allegations in the written statement filed by her in the said Hindu Marriage Petition No.12 of 2007. The
appellant had, on the contrary, made counter allegations against the respondent that she was being physically and mentally tortured by him and was
subjected to cruelty on account of non-fulfillment of the monetary demands made by him. It was also alleged by the appellant that since her parents
could not fulfill the demand made by the respondent to pay him Rs.1,00,000/- for his appointment on the post of PSI, she was brutally beaten by the
respondent and was ultimately driven out by snatching son from her.
It was alleged by the appellant that the respondent was in love with one Megha Rokade and was intending to get married with her. According to
the appellant, the aforesaid were the reasons for which the respondent was not ready to cohabit with him. It was also the contention of the appellant
that no attempt was made by the respondent to take her back for cohabitation. It was also alleged by the appellant that since the respondent was
intending to marry with Megha Rokade, he was bent upon to give divorce to her.
In order to substantiate the contentions raised in the petition, the respondent himself had deposed before the Civil Court and had examined three
more witnesses. The witnesses were examined by the respondent to prove his efforts to bring back the appellant for cohabitation. The appellant had
also deposed before the Civil Court, but did not examine any more witness. The Civil Court, after having assessed the oral and documentary evidence
brought on record, granted the decree of divorce in favour of the respondent and declared the marriage solemnized between the appellant and the
respondent to have been dissolved from the date of decision of the petition.
I have carefully gone through the evidence, which was recorded in Hindu Marriage Petition no.12 of 2007, and the Judgment delivered by the Civil
Court on 02.12.2008, in the said petition. On the basis of the evidence on record, a finding has been recorded by the Trial Court that the appellant is
residing separately since 1997. The petition for divorce was filed in the year 2007. It is thus, evident that since prior to 10 years of filing the petition,
the appellant and the respondent were residing separately.
The next question arises, whether there was any sufficient reason for the appellant to reside separately from the respondent ? The question also
arises, whether the respondent had made efforts to cohabit with the appellant ? In order to prove that he was willing to cohabit with the appellant, the
respondent has adduced the evidence of three witnesses. All the three witnesses namely Laxman Tukaram Ghaitadak (PW-2), Shaikh Asif Babulal
(PW-3) and Keshav Bhoju Patare (PW-4) were examined to bring on record the efforts made by the respondent to bring back the appellant for
cohabitation. As has come on record through the evidence of the aforesaid witnesses, all genuine efforts were made by the respondent to bring back
the appellant for cohabitation. Nothing has been brought on record in the cross-examinations of these witnesses so as to disbelieve the facts stated by
these witnesses before the Civil Court.
As against it, though, in her examination-in-chief, the appellant stated that she will be examining some witnesses to prove her allegations made
against the respondent, no witness came to be examined by her. From the facts, which have come on record through the evidence of witnesses
examined by the respondent and the facts, which have come on record through the cross-examination of the appellant, the Trial Court reached to a
conclusion that respondent successfully proved that the appellant has deserted him without any sufficient cause.
After having scrutinized the Judgment delivered by the learned Trial Court in the light of the evidence adduced before it, I did not find any infirmity
in the findings recorded by the Trial Court. Two serious allegations were made by the appellant against the respondent; first that he did not care for
the health of their son Rohan though, he was having heart disease by birth and the second allegation was that a huge amount of Rs.1,00,000/- was
demanded by the respondent and for non-fulfillment of the said demand, she was subjected to physical and mental tortures and driven out from the
house. In so far as the first allegation is concerned, in her cross-examination, the appellant candidly admitted that the medical expenses on the
treatment of Rohan were borne by the respondent. She has also admitted that blood to Rohan was donated by the friend of respondent namely
Avinash Bhatangekar. She has also admitted that Rohan was admitted in Ruby Hospital on 09.11.1995 by her, respondent and his parents. In view of
such admissions given by the appellant in her cross-examination, the Civil Court has dismissed the allegation of the appellant against the respondent
that the respondent did not care for the health of son Rohan.
As about the second allegation in regard to monetary demands allegedly made by the respondent, the appellant had filed a Criminal Case No.268
of 2001 under Section 498-A of the IPC in the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ahmednagar, against the respondent, his parents and two brothers.
The Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ahmednagar dismissed the said criminal case vide its Judgment rendered on 27.09.2005. The Chief Judicial Magistrate
has held that the complainant i.e. present appellant could not bring on record any evidence to prove her allegations made against the respondent and
his family members.
Though the allegation was also made by the appellant that the respondent was not ready to cohabit with her as he was in love with one Megha
Rokade and was intending to marry with her, as has been rightly observed by the learned Trial Court, the appellant had not taken any such averments
in her written statement. The Trial Court has also rightly observed that when these facts were well within her knowledge, she must have specifically
averred the said facts in her written statement. The Trial Court has further rightly recorded a conclusion that not filing of any complaint by the
appellant in the Police Station at the relevant time i.e. in the year 1997, when she was allegedly driven out of house and was allegedly beaten prior to
that, no implicit reliance can be placed on the said allegation. The Trial Court has also observed that in the proceeding under Section 125 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure filed by the appellant seeking maintenance from the respondent, the appellant has unambiguously deposed that she was not
ready to cohabit with the respondent.
After having analyzed the evidence as aforesaid, the learned Trial Court has recorded a finding that the petitioner i.e. the present respondent had
successfully proved that the respondent i.e. the present appellant was residing separately since 1997, without any sufficient cause and though, it was
her contention that she was residing with her husband till 2001, the said contention was false. It is the matter of record that during pendency of the
Hindu Marriage Petition No.12 of 2007, the appellant filed another Hindu Marriage Petition No.246 of 2008 under Section 9 of the Act, seeking
restitution of conjugal rights. The learned Trial Judge in paragraph no.17 of its Judgment has dealt with the said fact and has recorded a conclusion
that had the appellant was really intending to cohabit with the respondent, she must have filed the petition seeking restitution of conjugal rights much
prior. The Court has also observed that the appellant had not given any explanation for the inordinate delay committed by her in filing petition seeking
restitution of conjugal rights. After considering the facts as aforesaid and the evidence adduced by both the parties, the Trial Court held that the
respondent has sufficiently proved that the appellant deserted him without any sufficient cause and consequently, granted decree of divorce on the
said ground.
The appellant though challenged the Judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court by filing Regular Civil Appeal No.18 of 2009, the learned First
Appellate Court did not cause interference in the findings recorded by the Trial Court. The First Appellate Court has also recorded an unambiguous
finding that the appellant deserted the respondent in the year 1997 and since then, she had been staying with her mother. While appreciating the
evidence, the First Appellate Court has also dismissed the allegations made by the appellant against the respondent of not taking care of son Rohan
and giving physical and mental tortures to her for non-fulfillment of monetary demands allegedly made by the respondent.
In the present Second Appeal, as noted by me herein above, the emphasis of Shri Bedre, learned Counsel appearing for the appellant, was on the
issue that the Courts below have failed in appreciating that the appellant was forced to live separately and as such in no case, it can be said that the
appellant deserted the respondent. I am, however, not at all convinced with the argument so made. The Courts below have elaborately discussed that
the appellant has failed in proving that she was driven out in the year 1997, and was forced to live separately since then. On the contrary, it was the
case of the appellant that till 2001, she was residing with the respondent. The said contention was negated by the Courts below on the basis of
evidence on record. As I noted herein above, there is no infirmity in the findings recorded by the Courts below.
It was also sought to be contended by Shri Bedre, learned Counsel that had there been the intention of the appellant not to cohabit with the
respondent, she would never have filed a petition seeking restitution of conjugal rights. The submission so made is also liable to be turned down. The
petition for restitution of conjugal rights was admittedly filed during pendency of the petition filed by the respondent seeking divorce on the ground of
cruelty and desertion. The Court, which has dismissed the petition for restitution of conjugal rights and the First Appellate Court, which has confirmed
the said decision in Regular Civil Appeal No.256 of 2010 have rightly observed that if the appellant was really desiring to cohabit with the respondent,
she would have filed the petition for restitution of conjugal rights much prior. The said Courts have also observed that the appellant has not provided
any cogent explanation for filing the petition for restitution of conjugal rights at such a belated stage.
The appellant has filed a civil application for permitting her to produce certain documents as additional evidence. These documents contain the
complaints made by the appellant with the higher Police authorities of the respondent and letter received to her from the Colaba Police station as well
as a letter received from Podar International School, containing an information that Antara Patare daughter of Gautam Patare is studying in their
School in class 2 and her date of birth is 06.10.2002. The copy of memo of appeal in Regular Civil Appeal No.256 of 2010 is also sought to be
produced on record.
I have carefully perused the documents sought to be placed on record. The appellant had made complaint with the higher authorities of the
respondent that the respondent has contacted second marriage and had, therefore, prayed for taking appropriate action against the respondent. Most
of the documents are in that regard only. However, Colaba Police Station had informed the appellant that in the enquiry conducted by the said Police
Station, the allegation made by the appellant that respondent had contacted second marriage with one Megha Rokade is not confirmed. The other
documents also at such belated stage cannot be permitted to be produced on record.
After having considered the evidence on record and having gone through the Judgments passed by the Courts below, it does not appear to me that
any error has been committed by the Courts below in granting the decree of divorce in favour of the respondent. I have no hesitation, after having
scrutinized the evidence on record, to hold that the present respondent has sufficiently proved that the appellant, without any sufficient cause, deserted
him. The Courts below have also rightly held that there was no genuine attempt from the side of the appellant for cohabitation with the respondent. On
mere admission of the respondent that he loves Megha Rokade, no such inference can be drawn in absence of any concrete evidence in that regard
that the respondent had contacted second marriage with her.
It is true that previously, Hindu Marriage Petition No.196 of 2005 was filed by the respondent seeking dissolution of the marriage, but the said
came to be dismissed. However, admittedly the said petition was dismissed for want of taking steps by the respondent to serve the respondent in the
said petition i.e. present appellant. Dismissal of the said suit on the said ground cannot be a bar for filing a fresh suit.
It has to be further stated that the decree of divorce was sought by the respondent on the ground of cruelty and desertion. It is revealed that the
Trial Court has given much weightage to the aspect of desertion. In fact, a specific issue as about the cruelty was also required to be framed.
Admittedly, it was not framed. However, the respondent has sufficiently proved the ground of cruelty also and the reference has come in that regard
in the Judgments of the Trial Court as well as the First Appellate Court. According to me, the ground of cruelty assumes equal importance and the
respondent was fully justified in seeking decree of divorce against the present appellant on the ground of cruelty also.
As has come on record, the appellant had filed Regular Criminal Case No.268 of 2001, not only against the present respondent but against his
parents and two brothers under Section 498-A of the IPC. It is the matter of record that all the five accused in the said case were acquitted by the
Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ahmednagar, in the aforesaid criminal case. As was argued by the learned Counsel appearing for the respondent, the
relations went on becoming more strained after the respondent and his family members were subjected to undergo a trial under Section 498-A of the
IPC. It was also contended by the learned Counsel that a false criminal case would amount to matrimonial cruelty. There appears substance in the
submission so made by the learned Counsel. As has come on record and as has been observed by the Courts below, though, a serious allegation was
made by the appellant against the respondent that a huge amount of Rs.1,00,000/- was demanded by the respondent and for non-fulfillment of the said
demand, she was brutally beaten and was driven out of the house, the appellant could not substantiate the said allegation by bringing on record any
cogent evidence therefor. It has also been observed by the Courts below that in the statement given by the mother of the appellant, she did not
whisper about any such demand from the respondent. There is reason to believe that a false criminal case was filed by the appellant against the
respondent and his family members.
As held by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of K. Srinivas Vs. K. Sunita, [(2014) 16 SCC 34] it is beyond cavil that, if a false criminal case is
preferred by either spouse, it would invariably and indubitably constitute matrimonial cruelty and as such would entitle to the other spouse to claim a
divorce.
In case of Vishwanath Sitaram Agrawal Vs. Sau. Sarla Vishwanath Agrawal [2012 (6) Mh.L.J. (S.C.) 1] the facts were that,
the wife had filed a complaint under section 498-A of I.P.C. against the husband, her father-in-law and other relatives, who were acquitted in that
case and the said decision of the acquittal was not assailed before the higher forum and thus the conclusion recorded by the trial Court that allegations
on that count were incorrect and untruthful had become final. In light of the facts as aforesaid, the Hon'ble Apex Court observed that, the act of filing
false complaint under section 498-A of I.P.C. by the wife created mental trauma in the mind of the husband. The Hon'ble Apex Court has further
observed that, no one would like to face a criminal proceeding of this nature on baseless and untruthful allegations.
The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of V. Bhagat Vs. D. Bhagat [(1994) 1 SCC 337] has held that, 'a mental cruelty under Section 13 (1)(i-a) can
be defined as that conduct which inflicts upon the other party such mental pain and suffering as would make it not possible for that party to live with
the other.'
In the case of Anil Yeshwant Karande Vs. Mangal Anil Karande [2016 (2) Mh.L.J. 166] the learned Single Judge of this Court has referred to
the Judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in the case of Nagesh Dhanapp Chilkanti Vs. Sau. Manisha Nagesh Chilkanti in Family Court
Appeal No.158 of 2008, wherein the division bench had considered a similar case where the husband and his family members were acquitted in the
complaint filed under section 498-A of I.P.C. The Division Bench has held that, filing of false criminal case against the husband and his family
members would very much constitute mental cruelty. The Division Bench has further held that, in the circumstances, the husband was entitled to a
decree of divorce on the ground of cruelty.
The learned single Judge of this Court in the case of Anil Vs. Mangal (supra) has referred to all above Judgments. In the present case, it is argued
that the Criminal Court has not recorded a finding that a false complaint was filed against the respondent but acquitted the respondent and his family
members by giving benefit of doubt. Similar question was raised in the aforesaid case of Anil Vs. Mangal (supra). I deem it appropriate to reproduce
the said question herein below:-
“Whether for the act of filing complaint under section 498-A of Indian Penal code, to amount to mental cruelty on the acquittal of husband and
family, is it essential that judgment of acquittal must find that the complaint filed was false and with an intention to defame?â€Â
The Division Bench of this Court in the case of Mr.M Vs. Mrs.M [2014 (2) Mh.L.J. 825] has held that;
“In a given case depending upon the evidence on record, even if acquittal is on the ground that, charge could not be substantiated and even if there
was no finding recorded by the criminal court that, the prosecution case was false, there can be a case of cruelty. The division bench has further
observed that, it depends upon the manner in which the complaint has been filed and prosecuted.â€
The learned single Judge in the case of Anil Vs. Mangal (supra) after having referred to the above Judgments, has held thus:
“36. The judgments referred to aforesaid clearly indicate that if the complaint filed by the wife against the husband under section 498-A of IPC and
other related provisions was dismissed on merits and the husband and his family members are acquitted, it was clear that the complaint filed by the
wife against the husband was a false complaint. In my opinion, filing of such complaint itself which create mental trauma on the husband and the
complaint which was seriously prosecuted by the wife by leading evidence of several persons and bringing the said complaint to its logical conclusion
which ultimately resulted in acquittal of the husband and his family members clearly amounted to the cruelty committed by the wife upon the husband.
The judgments of the Supreme Court and this Court which are referred to aforesaid squarely apply to the facts of this case. I am respectfully
bound by those judgments.
There is no dispute that the husband and his family members were ultimately acquitted in such complaint made by the respondent. It was
not the case of the respondent before the trial Court as well as before the lower appellate Court that the finding rendered by the learned Magistrate
First Class were erroneous and such allegations were not independently proved by the respondent before the learned trial Court as well
as before the lower appellate Court. A perusal of the order passed by the lower appellate Court indicates that the evidence led by the respondent
and other witnesses in the said criminal proceedings and the findings rendered by the learned Magistrate First Class have been totally ignored by the
learned trial Court.
The Supreme Court as well as this Court in the aforesaid judgments have consistently held that if the false criminal complaint is preferred by either
spouse it would invariably and indubitably constitute matrimonial cruelty, such as would entitle the other spouse to claim a divorce. In my view,
the respondent having filed  a false complaint alleging offence under section 498-A, 323, 504 and 506 of  IPC in which the appellant and his
family members were acquitted and thus the appellant was entitled to seek divorce on the ground of cruelty under section 13(1)(i-a) of the Hindu
Marriage Act.â€
In view of the law settled as above, there cannot be a doubt that the criminal case filed by the appellant under Section 498-A of the IPC against
the respondent would indubitably constitute matrimonial cruelty and as such had entitled the respondent to claim divorce on the said ground.
Lastly, as about the issue raised and canvassed by Shri Deshpande, the learned Counsel appearing for the respondent. The learned Counsel
submitted that appellant and respondent are living separately from each other since last more than 20 years and their chances of reunion are very dim
and bleak. There is much substance in the point so raised by the learned Counsel. After having considered the over all circumstances in the matter
and more particularly, having regard to the fact that the appellant and the respondent are residing separately for last more than 20 years, it can be
reasonably inferred that there is irretrievable breakdown of marriage.
The Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Naveen Kohli (supra) has expressed the necessity of bringing an amendment in the Hindu Marriage Act,
1955 thereby making “irretrievable breakdown of marriage as one of the grounds for seeking divorce.†I deem it appropriate to reproduce
relevant observations made by the Hon'ble Apex Court, which read thus:
“A law of divorce based mainly on fault is inadequate to deal with a broken marriage. Under the fault theory, guilt has to be proved; divorce courts
are presented concrete instances of human behaviour as bring the institution of marriage into disrepute. once the marriage has broken down beyond
repair, it would be unrealistic for the law not to take notice of that fact, and it would be harmful to society and injurious to the interest of the parties.
Where there has been a long period of continuous separation, it may fairly be surmised that the matrimonial bond is beyond repair. The marriage
becomes a fiction, though supported by a legal tie, by refusing to sever that tie the law in such cases does not serve the sanctity of marriage; on the
contrary, it shows scant regard for the feelings and emotions of the parties. Public interest demands not only that the married status should, as far as
possible, as long as possible, and whenever possible, be maintained, but where a marriage has been wrecked beyond the hope of salvage, public
interest lies in the recognition of that fact. Since there is no acceptable way in which a spouse can be compelled to resume life with the consort,
nothing is gained by trying to keep the parties tied for ever to a marriage that in fact has ceased to exist. Human life has a short span and situations
causing misery cannot be allowed to continue indefinitely. A halt has to be called at some stage. Law cannot turn a blind eye to such situations, nor
can it decline to give adequate response to the necessities arising therefrom.â€
In the instant matter also, though, it was the contention of the learned Counsel for the appellant that still there are hopes of reunion of the appellant
and the respondent, and the appellant is ready and willing to cohabit with the respondent, after having considered the evidence on record, it does not
appear to me that any such possibility exists. It appears to me that the respondent had sufficiently proved the allegation of cruelty on the part of the
respondent as well as the fact of desertion by the appellant without any sufficient cause and as such the Trial Court has rightly granted the decree of
divorce on the aforesaid ground in favour of the respondent. It does not appear to me that the First Appellate Court has committed any error in
confirming the said decree. No such ground is made out by the appellant in the present appeal so as to cause interference in the Judgments passed by
the Courts below. The Second Appeal, therefore, fails and stands dismissed. Pending civil applications stand disposed of.