Shankar Singh vs Chanan Singh

Mehar Singh, C.J.—On May 25,1965, 20 Kanals and 18 Marias of land was sold by Arjan Singh Sohan Singh and Pritam Singh, vendors, to Shankar Singh defendant. On May, 25, 1966, that is to say, on the last day of limitation, Chanan Singh plaintiff instituted a suit to pre-empt that sale. In paragraph 1 of the plaint he said that the vendors are his collaterals, and in paragraph 2 of the plaint he said that he has a preferential right of pre emption in so far as the sale of the land in question is concerned over the defendant, which means the vendee, who, he has further said, is not related to the vendors in any way In the plaint Chanan Singh Plaintiff explained nothing else in regard to the nature of his relationship with the vendors. In the written statement filed by Shankar Singh vendee on August 8, 1966 he pointed out that the plaintiff had not said in what capacity he was claiming preferential right of pre-emption in his suit.

Consequently on August 27, 1966, the plaintiff moved an application under Order 6, rule 17 of the CPC for amendment of the plaint to say in it that of the vendors Arjan Singh is his first cousin, being his uncle''s son, and Sohan Singh and Pritam Singh are his nephews, just the same as they are nephews of Arjan Singh vendor. In spite of opposition by Shankar Singh vendee, that application was accepted by the trial Judge by his order of August 29,1966. This is a revision application against that order by Shankar Singh vendee.

There is only one argument which is urged by the Learned Counsel on behalf of the vendee and that is that according to section 15 of the Punjab Pre-emption Act, 1913 (Punjab Act 1 of 1913,), collateral relationship is no ground of pre-emption in so far as the right of pre-emption in respect of agricultural land is concerned This obviously has not been and cannot be denied on the opposite side, but it is pointed out on the side of the plaintiff that grounds Secondly and Thirdly in clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 15 of Punjab Act 1 of 1913 give a right of preemption in respect of agricultural land to the brother or brother''s son of the vendor, and to the father''s brother or father''s brother''s son of the vendor and the Learned Counsel for the plaintiff says that that relationship is the one which the plaintiff has with Arjan Singh vendor and with Sohan Singh and Pritam Singh vendors. The Learned Counsel stresses that the plaintiff has done no more than to explain the nature of his collateral relationship in his amendment application and that the ground on which he claimed preferential right of pre-emption on the basis of collateral relationship has been stated in the plaint itself. The Learned Counsel has further pointed out that if instead of making an application for amendment of the plaint in this respect the plaintiff had filed a replication, after the written statement of the vendee, giving therein the same relationship, it would have been read as a part of his pleadings and no question of amendment would have arisen. However, this is what has not actually happened and at this stage the Learned Counsel has not urged that the application for amendment of the plaint by the plaintiff be treated as a replication filed by him to the written statement of the Vendee. The Learned Counsel for the vendee first refers to AIR 1933 774 (Lahore) in which right of pre-emption had been claimed on the basis of contiguity, but on discovery that that ground was not available a new ground that there was common entrance in a lane was claimed after the period of limitation. Such amendment the learned Judge refused. This case was followed in Chandgi Ram v. Rabi Datt AIR 1952 P&H. 231, in which or-ginal originally the preferential right of pre-emption was claimed on the basis of the claimants being Biswedars in the village, but when it was found that before the institution of the suit the vendee had also become a Biswedar in the village, the claimants, after the expiry of the period of limitation, sought amendment of the plaint to say that they were Biswedars in a particular sub-division of the village in which the land was situate, obviously implying that the vendee was not a Biswedar in that sub-division. Such amendment was disallowed by the learned Judge. Now, although in those two cases the new ground introduced had no possible relation with the ground originally pleaded in the plaint, but the basis on which those cases proceed equally applies to the present case. The basis is that the specific ground on which preferential right of pre-emption is sought must be pleaded in the suit within the period of limitation. In this case all that Chanan Singh plaintiff did was to say that the vendors are his collaterals, but section 15 of Punjab Act 1 of 1913 in such relationship by itself does not give a right of pre emption. A particular defined relationship does give a right of pre-emption and if on the ground of relationship such a light is claimed then obviously the particular relationship referred to as a ground in section 15 of Punjab Act 1 of 1913 has to be stated in the plaint within the period of limitation. If after the period of limitation such an attempt is made it cannot he permitted to defeat a right that has accrued to the vendee to defeat the pre-emptor''s claim as not coming within the statutory provision upon which reliance is placed. Obviously the learned Judge was wrong in allowing the amendment.

The Learned Counsel for the plaintiff then points out that so far as rule 17 of order 6 is concerned, it is a matter of discretion with the trial Court to allow or not to allow an amendment and if it has exercised discretion in this respect, this Court cannot interfere with that u/s 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. However, the discration vested in a Court of law is always a judicial discretion and where it exe-rcises discretion, as in this case, against the statute of limitation, it can-not be said to have exercised the discretion judicially. It has, therefore, outstepped its jurisdiction in this respect and hence the matter can be considered u/s 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

In consequence, this revision application is accepted, the order, dated August 28, l966 of the trial Court is set aside and the amendment claimed by the plaintiff in this case is disallowed. There is, however, no order in regard to costs in this application.